Meaning of life †2006 singles Essay

Have you ever wondered what the meaning of life is, the purpose of our existence. Life is truly a mystery we know very little of our own selves. Something beautiful as a life is something amazing to watch. A life is considered priceless. Life is a treasure among treasures. I consider it a miracle that I am alive and talking to all of you today. The chances of me being here is 1in 5 million, and yet I am here. The same goes for all of you present here today. All of us should feel blessed that we get to experience the privilege of living. The miracle of life begins with the love of two people because of this love a life is created. One good thing leads to another. They’re maybe time that we are challenged, but we should never yield instead we take these challenges as an opportunity to grow in life. If somehow you fall all you need to do is simply stand up again and again. Life is not just a bed of roses we need to fight for what we want and stand for whatever we believe in. Don’t be afraid to encounter risks. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave. Don’t shut love out of your life by saying it’s impossible to find time. The quickest way to receive love is to give; the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly; and the best way to keep love is to give it wings. Don’t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you’ve been, but also where you are going. Don’t forget, a person’s greatest emotional need is to feel appreciated. Don’t be afraid to learn. Knowledge is weightless, a treasure you can always carry easily. Don’t use time or words carelessly. Neither can be retrieved. Our generation is so attached to technology that we become like machines. We spend so much time on our gadgets that we fail to notice the things around us. We fail to see the beautiful world around us. Living is not simply eating and breathing is if we spend so much time on our cell phones and playing computer games then we were never alive in the first place. Our life is the greatest gift we are given. The memories we make with our friends and family. We laugh, cry, love and hate these are the proof that we are truly alive. Each and every one of us is irreplaceable all of us are one of a kind. Don’t think of your life as something insignificant maybe just by the act of living you are making someone happy. There is one thing to remember Life is not a race, but a journey to be savored each step of the way.

Vannah

Two hundred and six years ago, high officials of two nations deliberately turned 5,000 square miles of Southwest Louisiana into a safe refuge for violent criminals who flocked to it from all over the young nation. This is how it happened. In 1803, the united States had paid France $15 million to abandon its claim to 828,00 square miles of land in the brand-new America. It was called the Louisiana purchase, but we TLD actually buy the land. America and France both claimed the land, and e paid France SSL 5 million to abandon its claim, leaving us as sole owners of the land.When the Louisiana Purchase was announced, Spain protested, saying France had no right to include a 5,000-square-mile strip of land in what is now Southwest Louisiana in the Louisiana Purchase. Spain said the land had been found by Spanish explorers and claimed for Spain. We argued that the Louisiana Purchase was history and we wouldn't try to change It. Spain said It wanted its land. The argument got hotter. When bo th sides hinted they might use military force to support their claims, lore but not wiser heads stepped in.The cool heads suggested that the disputed land be set aside and belong to nobody until ownership was decided by peaceful negotiation. Both America and Spain liked the idea. Thus was born the Neutral Strip. The disputed land being put aside was bound on the West by the Sabine River in East Texas. It was bound on the East by El Arroyo, the Spanish name for what is now the Calcifies River. It was bound on the South by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the North by the 32nd parallel, which was near Southeast in Red River Parish.The Neutral Strip included all or portions of the present Louisiana parishes of De Sotto, Sabine, Nuthatches, Vernon, Rapider, Beauregard, Allen, Calcifies,Jefferson Davis and Cameron. The rules or the Neutral Strip were simple: I For whatever time it took to peacefully negotiate ownership, the disputed land would belong to nobody. I Nobody would be allowed to liv e on the disputed land, which would also be off-alms or anyone In the military or law enforcement. I Since the Neutral strip would have no Inhabitants, there was no need for laws, ordinances, ales or regulations.The Neutral Strip opened in 1806, and the response was immediate. The strip became known as No Man's Land, and it seemed that every criminal in our young nation heard of it and moved into No Man's Land. Squatters took over land uninvited. It seemed that anybody who asked got grants from Spain for small tracts of land. Runaway slaves sought refuge there. Convicts who escaped from prison disappeared Into No Man's Land. So did military deserters , criminals sought for smuggling contraband goods, murderers, robbers, counterfeiters and rapists.Bands left No Man's Land to rob trade caravans, then disappeared again in No Man's Land. Other bands left long enough to rob homes and businesses before returning and melting into the lawless crowds in No Man's Land. Even joint military uni ts hesitated before entering No Man's Land. Two raids, in 1812 and 1816, netted few arrests and caused little Interruption of criminal activities. Inside the strip, there Land kept loaded guns in their houses. A curious mind-set developed that was copied years later by lawmen in some cities.The feeling was that having the worst elements of society gathered into one area created more safety in other parts of the city or parish. The same mind-set that led to red light districts and allowed criminals to congregate in specific areas of a city or parish. There were several roads across the 50-mile width of the strip that retained the Spanish names of Camino Real (Royal Road) which became routes of terror for traders. Some traders skirted No Mans' Land to the South by using schooners to carry goods to Galveston and other Texas ports for distribution.To the North, traders skirted No Man's Land by going through upper Red River Parish. After 13 years of crime and violence in No Man's Land, r elief came from an unexpected source. The Adams-Ions Treaty of 1819, known as the Transcontinental Treaty, was a pact between the United States and Spain. It was mainly directed at Florida. Under the agreement, we paid Spain $5 million and Spain withdrew its claim on Florida. In what was considered a lesser clause in the Transcontinental Treaty, Spain also gave up its claim on any land in Louisiana. With that silent stroke, No Man's Land died.

Concepts of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Concepts of Nursing - Essay Example nication, critical thinking, human diversity, informatics, interdisciplinary collaboration, nursing therapeutics, professional development, and theory based practice. The review and analysis of nursing literature provides definite indication that transition remains a central theme of nursing. The proper impact of the nine concepts of nursing is needed to bring about a successful transition in individuals. (Schumacher, K. L., & Meleis, A. I., 1994) Nursing as a profession evolved from caring, and has remained embedded in caring, but being a dynamic and challenging profession has in its development brought about the need for a merging of critical thinking skills and theory based practice into the character of caring of individuals, families and communities that face a disparate range of developmental and health-illness transitions. (Philosophy). Process, direction, and change to the fundamental patterns of life have remained the universal properties in transition. Transitions occur at the individual and family level, and also organizational level. Transitional change at the family and individual level occur in identities, roles, relationships, abilities, and patterns of behavior. Transitional change at the organizational level happens in the structure, function, and dynamics. There are conditions that upon transition are determining factors in the quality and consequences of transition. These conditions are meanings, expectatio ns, level of knowledge and skill, environment, level of planning, and emotional and physical well-being. (Schumacher, K. L., & Meleis, A. I., 1994). The role of the nursing profession is promotion of a successful outcome to these transitions and hence is responsible for accounting of the conditions that impact upon transition. Caring as a concept of nursing encompasses the emotional and physical well-being aspect of transition, but proper caring requires bringing into play the other eight concepts. (Sumner, F., J., 2005). Communication

Cross-cultural briefing report Scenario GeekChic Essay

Cross-cultural briefing report Scenario GeekChic - Essay Example The various cross cultural theories in the report would help the company (GeekChic) to understand the social and cultural aspects of the markets of Paris in France. Macro Level Facts of France The economy of France is highly developed across various business segments. The estimated Gross Domestic Product of the country as recorded in 2012 was $2.291 trillion. The nation is a developed country in the global economy with about 1.7% average growth in real GDP. The per capita GDP of the country was about $36100 in 2012. The exchange rate of the currency of the country is $2.609 (CIA, 2013). The individuals of the country have a high standard of living and its aggregate rate of urbanization is about 85%. Since France is a developed nation, its currency value is high in the economy. The city of Paris in France enjoys a moderate climate throughout the year. The average temperature of the country in summer is 30? centigrade and in winter, the temperature goes below 6? centigrade (Locke and T ower, 1995). Hofstede’s Analysis The Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory was established by Geert Hofstede. It shows how the behaviour of the individuals in a nation depends on the cultural values of the society (Mooij and Hofstede, 2010). If the cultural aspect of France is analyzed on the basis of this model, then it can be stated that the country scores 68 on the grounds of Power Distance Index (PDI). This in turn measures the extent to which the weaker members in a society would accept the fact that power would be distributed unequally in the society. The index of individualism in France is also high (71) (IDV). This actually means that the French people desire self care and does not prefer to be a group. In terms of a Feminine nation, the country score is 43 (MAS). The Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) of the nation is about 86. This shows that most of the individuals of the nation are highly sensitive to any uncertain changes in the market. Scoring a rate of 39, Franc e is not a long term oriented society (LTO). This means that the French individuals make prompt decisions with respect to the changes in the external world. Figure 1: Comparing of France and China (Source: The Hofstede Centre, 2013) Comparing the cross cultural views of France and China, it can be stated that in contrary to the French individuals, the Chinese are lesser traditional and lesser sensitive to uncertain circumstances and prefer being in community or groups. The above graph clearly shows the cross cultural variations between China and France. Section B: Cultural Differences While making an international business expansion in Paris (France) from China, the female manager would have to face various difficulties owing to the differences in the cultural views of French and Chinese individuals. In the modern world, the primary business objective for all the corporate firms is ‘consumerism’. Thus, it is important for GeekChic to understand the precise nature of the consumers in France. The following context of the essay would explain the different challenges or opportunities that the company might face when it would be in France for business. â€Å"Culture is just the man made part of a business environment† as stated by Herskovits (1948). After globalization, international trades between nations have increased in terms of its scale and scope of

Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple - Essay Example There are a variety of information and feedback collection models that are being proposed. The first concerns questionnaires that could be included within the technology; for example, giving consumers iPhone apps for filling out a survey. The other method concerns internal interviews of company members. The human process interventions that have been proposed relate to the position of Apple as reliant on technological development. What has been proposed is that Apple restructure the workforce around freelance, or short-term, contracts to make Apple, Inc. more mobile in terms of what they are able to focus on. With short term employees the company is able to hire specific individuals with specialized visions and skills to ensure that Apple remains at the forefront of innovation in the field of creative technology. The major technostructural interventions call for structuring in a more malleable form that would allow for swift and constant reevaluation of company marketing and technology development. Indeed, the industry requires the company to be able to shift emphasis efficiently in accordance with market and technological

John Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

John Brown - Essay Example This essay takes a neutral view at the life and deeds of Brown and finds that John Brown was not a terrorist. If we look back in history we find that this title was given to him because of his revolt against slavery. In that period, slavery was an accepted norm of life and any movement against it was "anti-social". Today when slavery has been wiped out, he can be declared a hero for starting a war against an inhuman practice of slave trade. John Brown born on 9th May, 1800, became the first American to raise his voice against the practice of slavery. He has been one of the most controversial personalities of the 19th century. Even President Abraham Lincoln said that Brown was a "misguided fanatic".( Blue, 2006) Many other intellectuals also called him as terrorist. He had started a liberation movement of the black slaves in 1857-58 in Kansas. He collected some young men and gave them military training at Springdale Iowa. In 1958, he took this small army to Chatham in West Canada and on 8th of May, he called a convention where he declared a provisional constitution for the people of United States. If we read the wordings of this constitution, it goes like "slavery is none other than a most barbarous, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of one portion of its citizens upon another portion." Anyone who has not been influenced by the name "Father of Terrorists", can not say that these words are unjustified and anyone believing and promoting these words and thoughts should be executed. Brown formulated the constitution and also formed a committee. On 10th the committee was finalized and declared adjourned sine die. In July 1859, Brown came to Harper's Ferry under disguise and prepared grounds for his further attack. Finally on 16th October, 1859, he invaded Harper's Ferry with his army of 20 militants. Twelve of these were killed one was captured and executed and one was unaccounted for. Rest four of the them including Brown were turned over to the Sheriff. On 2nd December, 1859, Brown was executed. Historical Interpretations Most of the historians have Called John Brown a terrorist. Later some of them have come up with more cordial view. The friendliest biography of Brown is supposed to be the one written by Oswald Garrison Villard in 1910. Villard was himself the grandson of William Lloyd Garrison who was an abolitionist. While explaining John's arrival in Harpers Ferry he says that his intention was to "begin his revolution in a spectacular way, capturing a few slaveholders and release some slaves( Villard, 1910)". He has expressed admiration for Brown in many places but he has also called him a murderer. Some of the African American writers later presented a positive view about him.(DeCaro, 2005). Even in the middle of the 20th century, some Southern writers expressed strongly negative views about him. In the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a remarkable change in the attitude of the writers. Few of them are Toledo 2002, Decaro, 2002, Peterson 2002, Reynolds 2005 and Carton 2006. There have been some writers in this period also like Bruce Olds 1995, who has written a very negative work on Brown. At the same time Russel Banks has portrayed a fictional work on Brown putting him is the

IMAGO Architects - Academic Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IMAGO Architects - Academic Writing - Assignment Example However, before customers can be identified, it is very important that a market research is to be conducted about the possibility of selling the latest Imago Architects design: a laminated glass staircase that appears to float. This paper will proceed to indicate what market research is, how to conduct one, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of conducting a market research. Market research is a tool for businesses to determine the needs or demands of the market, size, and competition (McQuarrie, 2005). There are several types of markets and can be divided in several segments but for the purpose of marketing the floating glass staircase of Imago Architects, it will limit segmentation samples to what may or may not be applicable for the targeted market. Market segment for the floating staircase may be classified for their price (affordability) or design preferences. Upon defining various market segments, Imago will need to undertake product differentiation. Imago will need present the floating staircase as something unique yet desirable to its targeted market. One major concept to be exploited is as a â€Å"state of the art† product for interior design wherein technophile groups or market segment may be targeted. It is then important to define the group or market segment. Various market segments may be categorized into geographic differences, personality differences, demographic differences such as gender, age, among others. In defining the market segment, the market researcher will need to explore what are the basic demographic data of the target market or even individuals in that market segment. These data include income bracket, age, profession or source of income, area of residence, where this person shops, his family status, hobbies, preferences in consumption, activities, and many others. These are important in order to determine the ways in which marketing communication

A Multiagency Emergency Response Plan Assignment

A Multiagency Emergency Response Plan - Assignment Example This work presents a multiagency emergency response plan. Also, each agency is given a task according to the area of its specialization. This multiagency response plan to terrorism and natural disasters will make use of the service of local police department, local residents, FBI Counterterrorism Division, fire and rescue, health department, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The last agency to be included is the local area administration. Each of these organizations has an important role to play in this plan. First of all, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, n.d.), a potential crime scene often contains fire and various other hazards. The same is true about natural disasters too. In such cases, it becomes necessary to utilize the help of trained people. Here, the service of fire and rescue service will be useful. Secondly, in the case of a terrorist threat, entering into the area requires special expertise as the weapons of terror range from explosives, poison, chemicals, radiological dispersal devices, and biological weapons. That means it is necessary to have well-trained people to enter the area. Here, the service of FBI Counterterrorism Division (CTD) will be useful (FBI, n.d.). Another important point is the collection of evidence. As FEMA states, physical evidence is the most solid evidence. In order to collect physical evidence in the most appropriate way, it is again necessary to have the service of FBI-CTD. The third important component is the health department. Any terrorist attack or natural disaster will leave a large number of people wounded. That means it becomes necessary to ensure immediate medical assistance. The inclusion of health department ensures that the injured are properly taken care of in time. This is all the more important in the case of a natural disaster. Another important agency is the local police. According to

DISCUSS AND ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF AIRPORT EXPANSIONS IN THE UK Essay

DISCUSS AND ANALYSE THE IMPLICATIONS OF AIRPORT EXPANSIONS IN THE UK USING RELEVANT EXAMPLES - Essay Example Business people want to meet their clients, suppliers and workers for their growth and others want to go abroad for holidays and to meet their extended social network. This industry also plays an important role in the support services such as manufacturing, logistics and transport of services. (BAA, 2007) The aviation centres in other countries including the European Union have been expanding their airports and hubs to cater to the growing demands of people and businesses. Schipol Airport in Amsterdam, Paris Charles de Gaulle in France, and Frankfurt in Germany has extended and have five, four and four runways respectively. At the same time, the Chinese have planned to invest $17.5 billion to expand its aviation industry to cater to the ever increasing demand and traverses between borders. (BAA, 2007) In 2003, the UK government published a White Paper that proposed the future plans to expand the airport infrastructure across the country by 2030. The paper takes into account the future demand and capability for charter, business, scheduled and freight air travel as well as the core environmental and social impact on the society. The paper prioritized the efficient usage of the existing runways. It also acknowledged the development of two new runways in the southeast region; one at Stansted by 2012 and the other at Heathrow by 2020. The Heathrow expansion plan will also include a new terminal. At the same time, the plan preserved lands at Gatwick, Glasgow and Edinburg for the future immediate expansion of the runways on the need basis. (Craig, 2003) In the north, the white paper proposed to add a new terminal to the Manchester Airport to cope with the increasing passengers and businesses. It anticipates that the expansion could a satellite addition to the existing terminal or a new terminal from ground zero outside the current boundaries of the Manchester airport.

Technical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technical Report - Essay Example This study utilized six variables. The first two were ethnicity and education both being measured in a scale of 1 to 6. MOMs specific variables were, physical health motive sub-scaled into health orientation and weight concern, achievement motive sub-scaled into goal achievement, and competition. Recognition and affiliation were sub-scales of social motives. Psychological coping, life meaning, and self-esteem measured psychological motive. All the specific MOMs variables were nominal variables measured in a scale of 1 to 7. A mean score for each variable was computed across the items for the subscale and a mean of 3.5 and above was considered important motivators. The variables included in this analysis-included gender measured as a categorical variable. The variable gender was taken from a forced-choice question where participants were required to state whether they were male or female. Weight, BMI, age and height were all continuous variables. Weight of the participants was measured in pounds, and height was measured in inches. Marital status and ethnicity were forced-choice questions where the participants were required to choose any of the five categories for marital status and six categories for ethnicity. Marital status was categorized into single, married/partnered, divorced, separated, and widowed and ethnicity was categorized into Asian/Pacific Islander, black, multiracial, white, other, and prefer not to answer. The rest of the variables measured MOMs motivators in health orientation, weight concern, goal achievement, competition, recognition, affiliation, psychological coping, life meaning, and self -esteem. Health orientation and weight concern measured physical health motive. Goal achievement and competition measured achievement motive. Sample descriptive statistics were conducted on Gender, Weight (lbs.), BMI, height (inches), Marital status, age, ethnicity, and education. The frequency was to

Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

Christmas Carol Essay Have you ever met a man so jolly that you could see he was all in a glow and so jolly that his euphoric spirit just poured off him like wine into a glass? Or, possibly, you have met a man so poor that his warmth for the winter is a mere flicker of a flame on a candlewick? Dickens demonstrates through the use of such characters that it does not matter how much money you posses, a person can hold a personality and characteristics independent of their financial status. Scrooges nephew, Fred, is a charismatic young man, who, lives each second as though it were his last. Most importantly, Fred thinks a great deal about Christmas and how it should be celebrated with great caring spirit. Fred asks Scrooge to dine with them on Christmas Day, but Scrooge explains he would see him in extremity first. This shows the cruel, cold-hearted nature of Mr. Scrooge. But for Scrooges nephew to leave the room without an angry word proves that Fred is a true, delightful person that opens his care to even the most miserable of people. As Fred leaves the building and passes by Bob Cratchit, the clerk, he bestows the greetings of the season on the clerk This scene has a great importance to show, the pleasant nature of Fred and the depressing character of Scrooge. In this same scene, Dickens under-mines the whole reason for the importance of Fred and Bob. Fred, although not as rich as Scrooge, still manages to enjoy his wealth and be a jolly person. Scrooge is unbelievably wealthy, and yet he does not spend even the smallest amount of his money to enjoy himself. What reason have you to be merry? Youre poor enough. This shows that Scrooge thinks all happiness is to do with wealth, yet if that were true, he would be happy himself, would he not? It is apparent, therefore, that Dickens created Fred as another side of the Rich Man character that we see in Scrooge, the stereotypical miserable rich loner. Bob, unlike Fred, is the Poor Man and the antithesis of Scrooge in the story. Thus, Dickens created a symbolic character to emulate the Lower classes. He is treated so unbelievably cruelly by Scrooge, yet, he remains a cheerful man who enjoys his Christmas. Without Fred and Bob, the story would not show that money means nothing in terms of happiness. We meet Fred again at his Christmas party, as people put Scrooge down with horrible but vital words to the moral, His wealth is of no use to him. He dont do any good with it. This action helps us to understand that although Scrooge could give pleasure with the wealth his possesses, he does not and is miserable. Fred helps the reader to understand, by explaining that Scrooge should not be despised but pitied. Fred quietly explained to us the first time we met him, Scrooges money does him no good and that his offences carry their own punishment. Fred is almost the complete opposite of Mr. Scrooge and the scene shows how compassionate he is and how caring he can be. This is important to the story because it gives Scrooge a chance to redeem himself from the mistakes he has made and shows us that someone in the world still cares for him. It also shows us what Scrooge can become, for both Fred and Scrooge come from very similar backgrounds. If Fred can enjoy Christmas, why cant Scrooge? Although Bob is unlike Fred in the sense that they do not own the same amount of money, they are similar when you compare their loving nature. Bob cares so much for his family that when he is told his daughter is not coming for Christmas dinner, his joyous nature collapses and he has a sudden declension of high spirits. Also, when Bob gives a toast to Mr Scrooge his wife insults Scrooge; Even though Scrooge depreciates Bob, Bob honours his authority by standing up for his dignity and demonstrates his loyalty to Scrooge. This character, like Fred, is caring but makes the reader believe that Scrooge is an awful cold-hearted man and to be so hurtful to such a joyful man is inhumane. That is why at the end of the story we understand that scrooge has changed because he now shows that he can also care for these characters and that by giving others money and caring for his workers, one of the morals of this story is explicated. Such an important personality cannot be missed for many of the morals throughout these staves. The importance of these characters cannot be put on a scale, but I can say that these characters are needed for the story to progress and without them; such significant messages cannot be made. I conclude that, although the names of the characters may not matter, the overall situations and characters of Fred and Bob, are pivotal because they show that it does not matter how much money you have, you can still be happy, honour others and make others happy. Fred and Bob are employed by Charles Dickens to show this in antithesis to Scrooge.

Global Corporate Governance Standards: Pros and Cons

Global Corporate Governance Standards: Pros and Cons 1.0 Background and history Increasing numbers of public companies and shareholders base lead to shareholders of the companies not involved in management and control their own company. Thus, they employed professional managers to running their business as a result some of the managers are not working on the behalf of shareholders and caused companies collapsed through financial statement fraud and money laundering. The case Watergate scandal due to break-in to Watergate building complex in the United States at 1970s had lead to arising of Corporate Governance. Besides, UK had experienced increasing numbers corruption by senior executives or director in late 1980s and early 1990 as well. Corporate such as Enron scandal in US caused by conflict in interest of Arthur Andersen which was as an auditor and consultant at the same times lead the Enron Corporations and one of the five biggest accountancy and audit firms in the world collapsed. Besides, Lehman Brothers and several UK and European Banking Groups were coll apsed in recent year at September 2008 due to poor corporate governance. Thus, Corporate Governance is the system by which companies is directed and controlled (Cadbury Committee, 1992) in order to avoid fraud happened. It is the responsible of Board of Directors to governance their companies and work on the behalf on stakeholders in their companies. Due to control failure at several major corporations, USA and UK had introduced numbers of guidance reports and laws in individual country in order to have an effectiveness internal control, independent audit committees, and directors remuneration packages results in increase the reliability of financial statements. For instance, there was Foreign and Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and Treadway Report published in 1987 at US while there was Cadbury, Rutteman, Hampel and Turnbull reports available at UK since 1992 2.0 Advantages and disadvantages of global corporate governance standards Since we are moving toward globalization of business and growth of global capital market, there are quite a numbers of advantages of implemented global corporate governance standards as a basis to replace national basis of corporate governance. Meanwhile, organizations all over the world are adopting same principles of corporate governance which it can reduce cost of organizations compare to national basic of corporate governance. It is expensive to cost organizations when they adopting additional set of rules imposed by local government. Stanwick (2008) claimed that in direct response to the corporate scandals of Enron and WorldCom, the Unites States Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002.When it passed in 2002, many corporations were vocally opposed to it and claimed that is was just an additional set of government regulations that would cost additional time and money which they could not afford in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. Additionally, it can e nsure foreign investor no need to facing multi-codes when they are investing at overseas. For instance, Combined Code at UK based organizations and SOX at US based organizations would be removed. By the way, all organizations implemented global corporate governance able to stimulate performance of top-level management. Since institutes clear accountability and effective link between reward and performance, top-level management will on the behalf of stakeholders and adherence to the standards. Moreover, investors investing their capitals in others countries would get better protected and would be more safety compares to every countries implementing different set of corporate governance standards. Roussey (1997, pg207) stated that once a business entity lists its shares outside of it national borders, it should be subject to a set of global corporate governance rules. It can effectively decrease the chance of top level management using investors capital for self-interest as well as it required companies to disclose all relevant information while implemented global corporate governance standards. Thus, high quality financial reporting and credible accounting provides the transparency than enables investors to make informed evaluation of investment opportunities (Sutton, 1997). Besides, it can attract more foreign investors to invest in the capital market since risk of investors invest in foreign country has reduced and capital markets has becomes more stability. Consequently , there is more and more investors invest in capital market results in organizations getting abundant funds to running their business as well as shareholders getting more dividends in return. Next, global in business move toward to use of global shares. As it enable investors to access home country capitals market and non home country capitals market by using same form of shares. In November 1999, for example, Daimler-Chrysler listed on the New York Stock exchange the same shares listed in its home market (Roussey, 2000). Despite of this, it is needed to implement global corporate governance standard to effectively protect shareholders capital. Furthermore, implemented global corporate governance standards can effectively counter financial statement fraud and money laundering by top management which led to corporate collapse. Otherwise it will back to the situation of severe misstatement of financial statement happened in 2002 such as Enron, Tyco, Global Crossing, and Worldcom. All of these are due to nation poor corporate governance exists at those companies and has introduced new corporate governance standards like Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002 to replace previous standards. Under International Standard on Auditing (ISA), auditor has to communicate audit matters with those charged with governance of an entity in all audit situations, and not just in audits of publicly traded entities (Roussey, 2000). It claimed that auditor must informed and discussed with the people who accept the responsible for companies once they discovered organizations have poor corporate governance such as poor internal control system and missta tement of financial statement. Therefore, they can establish appropriate strategies to address those matters through the knowledge and experience of auditor. By the way, auditor and people who accept the governance responsibilities would be appointed by International Auditing Practices Committees to make sure they are independent enough. Thus, employees at top management level are work accordance with the standards of global corporate governance and move towards credibility of financial statement which prepared by them. Nevertheless, it is possible for top management not to comply with the standards of global corporate governance after long periods of implementation it. As it is developed from convergence of corporate best practice and global legal system, top management likely to take legal loopholes once they familiar with the standards of corporate governance in order to satisfies their needs. Additionally, it just only and only one standard that all the organizations need to comply with. Political will is absolutely crucial to the developing of means and methods to integrate domestic corporate practices with the best standards followed internationally. Only then can integrity of a countrys economic system get reflected properly and foreign investment in domestic business increase (Bhasa, 2004). Implementation of global corporate governance standards is hard to satisfy the needs of shareholders and stakeholders from all over the world because everyone has different demand. However, diverse in cultural and organization structure lead to people accept the responsibilities of governance find it difficult to adapt since the organization members are in different value and belief results in they are using different kind of behavior to achieve organization objectives. For example, the problems of corporate governance arise when the rights of the stakeholders are violated. However, what may be considered stakeholder rights violation in one country might not necessarily be considered so in some other country. This diversity may be particularly because of the different legal structures and cultural settings adopted by different nations (Bhasa, 2004). Cross-cultural psychological, sociological, and anthropological research shows that many cultures do not shares the same assumptions underlying leader behavior and style (Den Hartog et al, 1999). Thus, global corporate governance standards must devise appropriately according to every countries culture dimension and condition. Otherwise it is so hard to monitor the provision of strategic direction performance by top-level of managers in different country are align with companies objectives. Besides, globalization of business lead sociopolitical dynamic and the relation between business, stakeholders, and government will change. According to International Capital Markets Group studied international corporate governance in 1994-1995 (ICMG, 1995), it concluded that it was not appropriate, given the need to respect diverse cultures and legal structures, to prescribe an international standard for corporate governance (Roussey, 2000). 3.0 How the situation might develop or be resolved with the next year or so Based on the articles, there is a need to for global corporate governance standards for all corporations because it can add another extent of protect foreign as well as local shareholders and stakeholders. It encourage the internal securities commissions to consider development and implementation of a set of global corporate governance rules applicable, at a minimum, to business entities listing shares or obtaining financing in the public capital markets outside of their national borders (Roussey, 2000). Additionally, it can enhance the transparency relationship between shareholders and companies since the resources in every organization are use appropriately as well as top-level managers are not abuse their responsibilities on their own interest. Other than that, global corporate governance provides everyone to rely on the organizations financial statement and take it as a reference when investing as well as reporting to shareholders during annual general meeting. N-nitrosamines in Food: Effects and Legislation N-nitrosamines in Food: Effects and Legislation Effects and response The safety of exposure of humans to inorganic nitrite and nitrate received increased scrutiny in 1960s. Cases of infantile methemoglobinemia associated with high nitrate in drinking water were documented. Besides, the formation of N-nitrosamines in certain foods, which had been shown to be carcinogenic, raised awareness regarding potential human health concern. A plausible biological mechanism which explains carcinogenicity of ingested nitrate and nitrite is endogenous N-nitrosation reactions (Bryan et al., 2012). Normal intakes are not proven to have carcinogenic effects. On the other hand, it is the excessive nitrate or nitrite intake which can generate N-nitroso compounds which are carcinogenic and mutagenic by causing DNA alkylation. N-nitrosamines are also genotoxic, which interacts with DNA directly or indirectly, inducing permanent genetic changes in cells, and causing cancer. For this group, as there is no dose which does not result in a possible effect of the genotoxic carcinogens, thus a no observable effect level (NOEL) cannot be estimated (Ravnum et al., 2014). In addition, exposure to nitrosamine affects the immune response strongly. Nitrosamine-induced response towards the immune system is much stronger than nitrosamide-induced response, in a same exposure period. Nitrosamine induces a higher percentage of modulated genes, and involves more pathways. This immunosuppressive effect in turn influences the innate immune response of cells. This plays an important role in the promotion phase of carcinogenic processes, indicating an additional way for nitrosamines to cancer risk (Hebels et al., 2011). Animal toxicology research serves as an important area for investigation which provides us with safety data. About 90% of the 300 nitrosamines tested showed carcinogenic effects in laboratory animals and bioassays. Nevertheless, the usage of animal models requires understanding of the difference between human and animal systems. Rodents used for this purposes have fore-stomachs and Hardarian glands, which is not analogous as in humans (Bryan et al., 2012).. Acute toxic effects of nitrate intake had been encountered only at very high doses. On the other hand, nitrite causes acute toxicity in much smaller doses. In laboratory animals, the LD50 of inorganic nitrite is approximately 2.6 mmol/kg. Some early studies may have shown methaemoglobinaemia when exposed to lower doses of nitrate due to contamination with nitrite (Gilchrist, Shore and Benjamin, 2010). A follow-up study of the Swedish Mamography Cohort found that there is a two-fold elevated risk of stomach cancer with intake of dietary nitrosamines (Larsson, Bergkvist and Wolk, 2006). On the other hand, Loh et al. (2009) suggested that there is a positive association between N-nitrosamine intake and gastrointestinal cancer, especially rectal cancer (Loh et al. 2009). N-nitrosodiphenylamine has shown carcinogenic effects at levels of 1000 parts per million (ppm) to 4000 ppm in both sexes of rats, and there is induced transitional cell carcninoma of the urinary bladder of male and female mice. Dimethylamines and diethylamines are two of the most potent carcinogens among nitrosamines. 50 ppm of dimethylamines in the diet was found to produce malignant liver tumours in rats in 26 to 40 weeks. Meanwhile, higher doses were shown to cause kidney tumours. For diethylamines, a lag period between dosing and onset of tumours increases with dosage below 0.5 mg/kg, with the total tumour yield remaining roughly the same. There is not yet a clear threshold dose for carcinogenicity of nitrosamines in diet established (Shibamoto and Bjeldanes, 2009). According to the Netherlands Cohort study, nitrate and nitrite exposure based on food intake and drinking water show no significant elevation in stomach cancer occurrences, and shows no apparent trend (Larsson, Bergkvist and Wolk, 2006). On the other hand, there is evidence that long-tern consumption of drinking water which contains more than 4 mg/L nitrosamine has been positively associated with risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Although nitrates are absorbed quickly in mostly excreted within the next few hours, the internal dose or nitrosamine cannot be measured as a 24-hour urinary excretion. A study done by Levallios et al., (2000) showed that there is a stronger correlation between urinary nitrate excretions with dietary nitrate as compared to urinary nitrate excretion with water nitrate intake. Nevertheless, there is no relation found between nitrosamine excretions with nitrate intake. This might be due to low nitrate concentrations in water, thus causing it to be harder to observe for immediate effects. Further studies are required to determine if the use of urinary nitrosamine excretion as a biomarker of exposure is useful (Levallois et al., 2000). Food laws (limits) EU legislation allows nitrite and nitrate addition of 150 mg/kg respectively for each additive in meat products. On the other hand, Denmark only permits the use of 60 mg/kg of nitrites in meat preservation for Danish products (Herrmann, Duedahl-Olesen and Granby, 2015). Further studies are required to determine if the addition of 150 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg of nitrite added would cause an increase in average nitrosamine levels. On the other hand, there are no maximum limits established by EU for nitrosamine content in processed meat products. The United States had set a limit of 10  µg/kg of total volatile N-nitrosamine content for cured meat products (Crews, 2010). The highest amount of a contaminant allowed in drinking water is known as maximum contaminant level (MCL). The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a (MCL) for N-nitrosodiphenylamine of 7  µg/L (micrograms/Liter) or 7 ppb (parts per billion) based on a lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 1 000 000 (ATSDR, 2010). The EPA established a cancer risk if 0.7ng/kg body weight of N-nitrosodimethylamine is consumed daily. In drinking water, the maximum allowed concentration of N-nitrosodimethylamine in Canada is 40 ng/L and 10 ng/L in Germany (Mestankova et al., 2014). Although the EPA has not established a limit for maximum contaminant level in water, the California Department of Health Services has established 10 ng/L as notification level for action to be taken (Mestankova et al., 2014). The amounts of N-nitrosodiphenylamine in some commonly eaten foods are 0.023  µg/100g in buns, muffins and bagels, 0.149 µg/100g in ham, and even 0.109 µg/100g in oysters (Stuff et al., 2009). Current issues (worldwide) Apples from America have recently encountered some export issues to other countries due to its toxicity. In America, apples which are to be exported are treated with diphenylamine (DPA), which is a preservative added to prevent the apples from turning brown for as long as a few months. This is to prevent cold injury during cold storage, since apples are usually harvested once a year. By itself, DPA isn’t harmful, but it breaks down into carcinogenic elements, namely nitrosamines. The European Union has banned the use of DPA in 2012. They set the maximum allowable limit of DPA on apples to 0.1 parts per million (ppm). Nonetheless, DPA residues with an average reading of 0.42 ppm have been found on over 80 apple samples imported from America, which is well over the maximum allowed limit. Thus, the EU is banning apples from America, until the readings are found to be in accordance with the regulation (Lunder, 2014). Although the US EPA and World Health Organisation (WHO) found that long-tern exposure to DPA is unlikely to cause a public health concern, the EU maintains that absence of evidence of harm is not a strong enough indicator. The EU claims that there is insufficient testing regarding DPA to prove that their products as well as chemicals formed are safe to be consumed when broken down. The main source of concern is the presence of nitrosamines. As DPA is the most common chemical used for apples preservation, the presence of cancer-causing nitrosamines should present a great concern. References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2010. Addendum to the  Toxicological Profile for N-nitrosodiphenylamine. Atlanta : ATSDR- Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine   Lunder, S. 2014. Behind Europe’s Apple Chemical Ban.  http://www.ewg.org/enviroblog/2014/04/apples. Retrieved 21 October 2014. Bryan, N.S., Alexander, D.D., Coughlin, J.R., Milkowski, A.L. and Boffeta, P. 2012. Ingested  Nitrate and Nitrite and Stomach Cancer Risk: An Updated Review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50: 3646-3665 Crews, C. 2010. The Determination of N-nitrosamines in Food. Quality Assurance and Safety  of Crops Foods 2(1): 2-12 Gilchrist, M., Shore, A.C., and Benjamin, N. 2010. Inorganic Nitrate and Nitrite and Control  of Blood Pressure. Cardiovascular Research: 1-7 Hebels, D.G.A.J., Brauers, K.J.J., van Herwijnen, M.H.M., Georgiadis, P.A., Kyrtopoulos, S.A., Kleinjans, J.C.S., and de Kok, T.M.C.M. 2011 Time-Series Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles Induced by Nitrosamides and Nitrosamines Elucidates Modes of Action Underlying their Genotoxicity in Human Colon Cells. Toxicology Letters 207: 232-241. Herrmann, S.S., Duedahl-Olesen, L. and Granby, K. 2015. Occurrence of Volatile and Non-Volatile N-nitrosamines in Processed Meat Products and the Role of Heat Treatment. Food Control 48: 163-169 Larsson, S.C., Bergkvist, L., and Wolk, A. 2006. Processed Meat Consumption, Dietary  Nitrosamines and Stomach Cancer Risk in a Cohort of Swedish Women. International Journal of Cancer 119: 915–919. Levallois, P., Ayotte, P., Van Maanen, J.M.S., Desrosiers, T., Gingras, S., Dallinga, J.W., Vermeer, I.T.M., Zee, J., and Poirier, G. 2000. Excretion of Volatile Nitrosamines in a Rural Population in Relation to Food and Drinking Water Consumption. Food and Chemical Toxicology 38: 1013-1019. Loh, Y.H., Jakszyn, P., Luben, R.N., Mulligan, A.A., Mitrou, P.N. and Khaw, K.T. 2009. N-nitroso Compounds and Cancer Incidence: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nitrition (EPIC) – Norfolk Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 93: 1053-1061 Mestankova, H., Schirmer, K., Canonica, S. and von Gunten, U. 2014. Development of  Mutagenicity During Degradation of N-nitrosamines by Advanced Oxidation Processes. Water Research 66: 399-410. Ravnum, S., Runden-Pran, E., Fjellsbo, L.M., and Dusinska, M. 2014. Human Health Risk Assessment of Nitrosamines and Nitramines for Potential Application in CO2 Capture. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 69: 250 – 255. Shibamoto, T. and Bjeldanes, L. Introduction to Food Toxicology, Second Edition. UK:  Academic Press: 267 Stuff, J.E., Goh, E.T., Barrera, S.L., Bondy, M.L., and Forman, M.R. 2009. Construction of an  N-nitroso database for assessing dietary intake. Journal of Food Composition Anal 225: 542-577

Similarities Between Iranian And Malaysian Culture Religion Essay

Similarities Between Iranian And Malaysian Culture Religion Essay In this document some similarities between Iranian and Malaysian culture have been illustrated. Since both Iran and Malaysia are Muslim countries, there are many similarities between Iranian and Malaysian culture. For example I start with the Malaysian and Iranian universities. All of the universities in Iran are Islamic universities while there are a few none Islamic universities in Malaysia. There is a mosque in all Iranian universities which is located at the center of the university. Recently Iranian Islamic government has decided to separate males and females in the universities in which some universities only register males and other universities only register females. I dont think separating males and females in the university be a good idea because in this situation boys and girls wont be able to see each other and choose their future partner but in Malaysian universities boys and girls have the opportunity to make friend to each other and select their future partner. There are 3 different type of mosques in Malaysia namely Vernacular Mosques, Colonial Mosques, Modern Mosques. The third model is very similar to Iranian mosques and the following is a brief description of Modern Mosques in Malaysia: Many local architects were involved in the design of new mosques in Malaysia since independence. The architectural styles of the modern mosques have changed gradually in parallel with the development in structural advances, construction methods, contemporary designs of mosques as well as increased local interests toward Islamic architecture. With the advent of science and technology, modern mosques are constructed in a larger scale to accommodate the increasing number of Friday congregations. Concrete, bricks, steel, stone and marble are commonly used in the construction of modern mosques. Onion-shaped or top-shaped domes, tall minarets and high ceilings are common features found in the modern mosques. The modern mosques usually incorporate well-designed landscape elements including plants, water features, patterned pavements, garden lightings and signages. The Putra Mosque in the early morning The architectural styles of the modern mosque can be classified into two categories. The first category is the modern styles which emphasise the advancement in building technology and engineering. For example, the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur has a minaret of 245 feet in height and an umbrella-like roof. The mosque was constructed of reinforced concrete faced with Italian marble. Its main prayer hall can accommodate more than 3,000 people for prayer at one time whilst its surrounding galleries, topped with numerous small domes, can hold an additional of 5,000 people. The mosque also has a number of rooms used for various functions such as a library, offices, royal guest rooms, Imams room and store rooms. The second category of modern mosque is the Islamic influences which incorporate the styles of many mosques found in Islamic countries including Turkey, the Middle East and Northern Africa. For instance, the design and colour of the Sultan Abdul Aziz Mosque in Shah Alam, Selangor was reflective of the infamous Ottoman mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. The mosque has four high minarets at the four corners of the building surrounded by well-kept landscape. Another example is the white-colour Ibai Mosque at Kuala Terengganu which was built on water and its architecture bears a resemblance to the Northern African mosque. Examples of modern mosques with modern structures are Sultan Ahmad I Mosque, Kuantan, Pahang (1964), National Mosque, Kuala Lumpur (1965), State Mosque, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan (1967), State Mosque, Kangar, Perlis (1972), Sultan Idris Shah II Mosque, Ipoh, Perak (1978), State Mosque, Penang (1980) and KLCC Mosque, Kuala Lumpur (1998). Examples of modern mosques with Islamic influence are Al-Malik Khalid Mosque, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang (1975), Sultan Abdul Aziz Mosque, Shah Alam, Selangor (1989) and Ibai Mosque of Kampung Cendering, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu (1994). 2-2 Iran From Cordoba to Delhi, from Sarajevo to the Niger, the mosque (masjid in Persian and Arabic) or house of prayer is the outstanding symbol of Islam, the focus of worship, and contemplation, the meeting place of man with man, and of man with God. Its forms are more varied and its uses more widespread than those of the Christian cathedral or church. While primarily a place of worship, it is also an assembly hall, often a religious college, sometimes a court of .justice, even, to some extent, a poor mans club. The majority of Iranian mosques conform, in whole or in part, to a plan that in Iran must be regarded as the norm. It consists of a an open central court, sometimes large enough to be planted with trees or flowers, with a large portal or ivan, on the side facing towards Mecca, which leads into a domed sanctuary. On the other three sides of the court there are arcades and altars and in the center of each side another, though smaller, ivan. To the left and right of the sanctuary there may be arcaded halls, and in addition balconies (often reserved for the use of women worshippers) from which a view of the mihrab can be obtained. In the grander mosques the south ivan, leading into the sanctuary, and sometimes also the north ivan, which is frequently the main entrance to the mosque. Minarets: The earliest minarets were square, at least in their lower stories, but few of these survive in Iran today. The round minaret originated in north-east Iran and was built of brick, tapering towards the summit. Until at least the thirteenth century, minarets were almost invariably single and placed in the north comer of the mosque. Since the fifteenth century minarets have generally been covered with mosaic or colored tiles, in the taste of the period. In general, Iran, compared with, say, Turkey; is markedly deficient in minarets. Only at Esfahan do they occupy a prominent place in the landscape. Shrines: Nearly every town in Iran has its quota of shrines, and the village or wayside shrines are a recurring feature of the Iranian landscape. In general they are modest, circular, four-sided or octagonal buildings, surmounted by a cone or dome. Many have charm but no great architectural merit; the famous shrines, rambling structures which have received additions from generations of the devout, are among the most splendid, and in some cases the most opulent, buildings in Iran. The lesser shrines, unlike the mosques, have a distinct re2jonal character. Tombs: Secular tombs fall into two clearly marked architectural categories -the domed mausoleum and the tomb tower. The former has certain affinities with the larger shrine. It is frequently octagonal rising through squinches and galleries into a circular dome. It is built for show, inside and out. meant to be visited. the last resting place of a chieftain who may have had no claim to sainthood, but expected to be duly revered when he was dead. Tomb towers, which are mainly confined to northern Iran. were conceived in a different spirit. They were gaunt, remote, solitary resting places, not meant to be frequented by admirers in generations to come. Palaces: There are substantial remains of Achaemenian and Sassanian palaces, impressive both in size and in detail, some of which, as at Persepolis, have been almost miraculously preserved; but when all is said they are ruins. Of Seljuk and Mongol royal residences, however, all trace has disappeared. It is only from Safavid times that royal houses have survived intact, and even then the crop is disappointing. For practical purposes, Safavid palaces are confined to Esfahan. Bridges: More essential for the maintenance of communications than caravansaries, the building of bridges, which where both sturdy and a pleasure to the eye, continued until recently. Well-constructed hump-backed bridges of ancient dates are to be found in many parts of the country -the outstanding examples of which you will see at Esfahan: the Allah Verdi Khan (1629) and the Khaju (1660). These two mighty structures are among the most impressive monuments in Esfahan, and are two of the most remarkable bridges in the world, of their kind, and still in service. MARRIAGE, FAMILY, AND KINSHIP 3-1 Malaysia Since both Iran and Malaysia are Muslim countries, marriage in both countries are influence by Islam therefore there are many similarities between these two countries. The following shows the marriage in the Malaysian style and then marriage in the Iranian style will be illustrated after that. Marriage. Even with significant changes in marriage practices, weddings reveal the sharp differences in Malaysian society. There are two ways to marry: registering the union with the government; and joining in marriage before a religious authority. Christian Malaysians may marry Buddhists or Hindus answering only to their families and beliefs; Muslim Malaysians who marry non-Muslims risk government sanction unless their partner converts to Islam. Marriage practices emphasize Malaysias separate ethnic customs. Indians and Chinese undertake divination rites in search of compatibility and auspicious dates, while Malays have elaborate gift exchanges. Malay wedding feasts are often held in the home, and feature a large banquet with several dishes eaten over rice prepared in oil (to say one is going to eat oiled rice means that a wedding is imminent). Many Chinese weddings feature a multiple-course meal in a restaurant or public hall, and most Indian ceremonies include intricate rituals. S ince married partners join families as well as individuals, the meeting between prospective in-laws is crucial to the success of the union. For most Malaysians marriage is a crucial step toward adulthood. Although the average age for marriage continues to increase, being single into ones thirties generates concern for families and individuals alike. The social importance of the institution makes interethnic marriage an issue of considerable stress. Domestic Unit. Malaysian households have undergone a tremendous transformation following the changes in the economy. The shift from agricultural commodities to industrial production has made it difficult for extended families to live together. Yet as family mobility expands, as a result of modern schedules, efforts to maintain kin ties also increase. Improved telecommunications keep distant kin in contact, as does the efficient transportation network. A dramatic example of this occurs on the major holidays when millions return to hometowns for kin reunions. Inheritance. The critical issue of inheritance is land. With the importance Malays place on land ownership, it is rarely viewed as a commodity for sale, and the numerous empty houses that dot the Malaysian landscape are testament to their absentee-owners unwillingness to sell. Gold is also a valuable inheritance; Malaysians from all groups readily turn extra cash into gold as a form of insurance for the future. Kin Groups. The crucial kin distinctions in Malaysian culture are between ethnic groups, which tend to limit intermarriage. Among the majority of Malays, kin groups are more horizontal than vertical, meaning that siblings are more important than ancestors. Those considered Malay make appropriate marriage partners; non-Malays do not. These distinctions are somewhat flexible, however, and those that embrace Islam and follow Malay customs are admitted as potential Malay marriage partners. Greater flexibility in kinship practices also appears among immigrant groups amid the fresh possibilities created by diasporic life. A striking example is the Baba community, Chinese who immigrated prior to British rule and intermarried with locals, developing their own hybrid language and cultural style. These dynamics point to the varied kinship arrangements possible between the different ethnic communities in Malaysian society. 3-2 Iran Marriage. In Iran women control marriages for their children, and much intrigue in domestic life revolves around marital matters. A mother is typically on the lookout for good marriage prospects at all times. Even if a mother is diffident about marriage brokering, she is obliged to clear the path for a marriage proposal. She does this by letting her counterpart in the other family know that a proposal is forthcoming, or would be welcome. She then must confer with her husband, who makes the formal proposal in a social meeting between the two families. This kind of background work is essential, because once the children are married, the two families virtually merge, and have extensive rights and obligations vis-Ã ¡-vis each other that are close to a sacred duty. It is therefore extremely important that the families be certain that they are compatible before the marriage takes place. Marriage within the family is a common strategy, and a young man of marriageable age has an absolute right of first refusal for his fathers brothers daughter-his patrilateral parallel cousin. The advantages for the families in this kind of marriage are great. They already know each other and are tied into the same social networks. Moreover, such a marriage serves to consolidate wealth from the grandparents generation for the family. Matrilateral cross-cousin marriages are also common, and exceed parallel-cousin marriages in urban areas, due perhaps to the wifes stronger influence in family affairs in cities. Although inbreeding would seem to be a potential problem, the historical preference for marriage within the family continues, waning somewhat in urban settings where other considerations such as profession and education play a role in the choice of a spouse. In 1968, 25 percent of urban marriages, 31 percent of rural marriages, and 51 percent of tribal marriages were reported as endogamous. These percentages appear to have increased somewhat following the Revolution. In Iran today a love match with someone outside of the family is clearly not at all impossible, but even in such cases, except in the most westernized families, the family visitation and negotiation must be observed. Traditional marriages involve a formal contract drawn up by a cleric. In the contract a series of payments are specified. The bride brings a dowry to the marriage usually consisting of household goods and her own clothing. A specified amount is written into the contract as payment for the woman in the event of divorce. The wife after marriage belongs to her husbands household and may have difficulty visiting her relatives if her husband does not approve. Nevertheless, she retains her own name, and may hold property in her own right, separate from her husband. The wedding celebration is held after the signing of the contract. It is really a prelude to the consummation of the marriage, which takes place typically at the end of the evening, or, in rural areas, at the end of several days celebration. In many areas of Iran it is still important that the bride be virginal, and the bedsheets are carefully inspected to ensure this. A wise mother gives her daughter a vial of chicken blood just in case. The new couple may live with their relatives for a time until they can set up their own household. This is more common in rural than in urban areas. Iran is an Islamic nation, and polygyny is allowed. It is not widely practiced, however, because Iranian officials in this century have followed the Islamic prescription that a man taking two wives must treat them with absolute equality. Women in polygynous marriages hold their husbands to this and will seek legal relief if they feel they are disadvantaged. Statistics are difficult to ascertain, but one recent study claims that only 1 percent of all marriages are polygynous. Divorce is less common in Iran than in the West. Families prefer to stay together even under difficult circumstances, since it is extremely difficult to disentangle the close network of interrelationships between the two extended families of the marriage pair. One recent study claims that the divorce rate is 10 percent in Iran. For Iranians moving to the United States the rate is 66 percent, suggesting that cultural forces tend to keep couples from separating. Children of a marriage belong to the father. After a divorce, men assume custody of boys over three years and girls over seven. Women have been known to renounce their divorce payment in exchange for custody of their children. There is no impediment to remarriage with another partner for either men or women. Domestic Unit. In traditional Iranian rural society the dinner cloth often defines the minimal family. Many branches of an extended family may live in rooms in the same compound. However, they may not all eat together on a daily basis. Sons and their wives and children are often working for their parents in anticipation of a birthright in the form of land or animals. When they receive this, they will leave and form their own separate household. In the meantime they live in their parents compound, but have separate eating and sleeping arrangements. Even after they leave their parents home, members of extended families have widespread rights to hospitality in the homes of even their most distant relations. Indeed, family members generally carry out most of their socializing with each other. Inheritance. Inheritance generally follows rules prescribed by Islamic law. Male children inherit full shares of their fathers estate, wives and daughters half-shares. An individual may make a religious bequest of specific goods or property that are then administered by the ministry of waqfs. Kin Groups. The patriarch is the oldest male of the family. He demands respect from other family members and often has a strong role in the future of young relatives. In particular it is common for members of an extended family to spread themselves out in terms of professions and influence. Some will go into government, others into the military, perhaps others join the clergy, and some may even become anti-government oppositionists. Families will attempt to marry their children into powerful families as much for their own sake as for the son or daughter. The general aim for the family is to extend its influence into as many spheres as possible. As younger members mature, older members of the family are expected to help them with jobs, introductions, and financial support. This is not considered corrupt or nepotistic, but is seen rather as one of the benefits of family membership.

Redefining Public and Private Essay -- Equality Gender Papers

Redefining Public and Private "Public and private are imbedded within a dense web of associational meanings and intimations and linked to other basic notions: nature and culture, male and female... The content, meaning, and range of public and private vary with the exigencies of each society's existence and turn on whether the virtues of political life or the values of private life are rich and vital or have been drained, singly or together, of their normative significance." The mantra of second wave feminism, "the personal is political," signifies the first attempt to break down the gendered division between the private sphere attributed to women and the public sphere of men. There is no clear origin of this public/private division; it could have been, as Germaine Greer humorously suggests, "while the male-hunter-gatherer strolled along burdened with no more that his spear and a throwing stick, his female mate trudged along after him carrying their infant, their shelter, their food supplies and her digging stick." It appears that, from the moment of human interaction and language, and its implicit category making of social divisions, women have always been associated with the private, and men with the public. From the beginning of first wave feminism and the fight for women's suffrage, women have been using politics to enter the public realm of men, thus challenging the stark division between public man and private woman. A goal of the feminist movement has been to create equality between the sexes, both in the public and private spheres of life. In doing so, the gendered spaces of men and women have become blurred and, because of the linkage between public/private and man/woman, respectively, the division between pr... ...ssion, and Abortion: Women Who Oppose Abortion Rights in the Name of Feminism." Feminist Nightmares: Women at Odds, Feminism and the Problem of Sisterhood. Ed. Susan Ostrov Weisser and Jennifer Fleishner. New York: New York University Press, 1994. 159-188. Regan, Priscilla M. Legislating Privacy: Technology, Social Values, and Public Policy. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Roe v. Wade 410 U.S. 113 (1973) Siltanen, Janet and Michelle Stanworth. "The politics of private woman and public man." Women and the Public Sphere. Eds. Janet Siltanen and Michelle Stanworth. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1984. 185-208. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. New York, NY: Harcourt, Inc., 1938. Young, Iris. "Pregnant Embodiment." Body and Flesh: A Philosophical Reader. Ed. Donn Welton. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1998. 274-290.

The Facts About Food Preservatives Essay -- Health, Food Preservatives

There is something that has been around for thousands of years, makes your trips to the grocery store cheaper and prevents people from dying of starvation every winter. This invention that helps us in many ways is food preservatives. Most people associate food preservatives with terrible chemicals that should be avoided, and while many that are used today have been known to cause health problems, there are many benefits that some people may not be aware of that food preservatives offer us. Before there were so many food preservatives, things were different in the traditional house. People didn’t have enough food in the winter because crops and meat that were unpreserved went bad. When people expected the food was about to go bad they would eat all of it so that nothing would be wasted. Also, as winter was approaching, many farmers would kill all of their animals because it was not economically wise to keep them through the winter. The animals would have to be fed and kept warm but grass wouldn’t be available for them to eat, water sources where they normally drink would be frozen over and they wouldn’t be producing as much food as they normally produce, such as milk or eggs. Also, animals that moved heavy farm equipment, like horses or oxen were not needed as much when there was no farming to do. People first figured out how to make food last longer a very long time ago. In as early as 1000 BCE, the Chinese had figured out how to use salt, spices and smoking. The Incas figured out how to freeze-dry things by around the 15th century. This helped them to always have 3-7 years of food available for their warriors. Nicolas Appert (pictured) was a French chef who figured out in January of 1810 how to store food in airtigh... ...urger-looks-almost-new/>. "Early methods of food preservation." Early methods of food preservation. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. . "Food Additives." Food Additives. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. . French, Alicia. "The top 10 scariest food facts." Food Recipes RSS. N.p., 21 Oct. 2011. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. . "Middle Ages Food Preservation." Middle Ages Food Preservation. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. . Pancholi, Rahul. "Join Academia.edu & Share your research with the world." Food preservatives. N.p., 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. .

chocolate war :: essays research papers

2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Chocolate War by Robert Cormier is a book about a boy named Jerry whose Mother died and who is living with his father. Ever since his mother’s death, Jerry hasn’t been the same; him and his Father hardly talk. Everything is going great for Jerry at Trinity his school. He made the football team the guys admired him and this girl from the bus stop smiled him. Everything was going well until the chocolate sales came. When he was assigned an assignment from the Vigils, a group of popular boys in the school, he did as they followed which was to refuse to sell chocolates, even though it was voluntarily to sell chocolates nobody ever refused. After 10 days when the assignment was over for some reason Jerry still refused to sell chocolates. That was when hell broke loose and the chocolate war was begun. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best part of the book The Chocolate War is the part when Jerry and Emile had fight. It was one of the big climaxes of this book. It had you on the edge wanting more. The whole book you wonder if something similar to this part would happen and then finally it does. There was a lot of action and detail which was good so it seemed as if you were there watching the fight. When I read this part a lot of emotions gathered up inside of me. I was angry about how the crowd was reacting and then I became happy because of the few shots that Jerry shot at Emile but then again I was upset that Emile beat Jerry up so bad that he fell unconscious in to a pool of his own blood. The worst part of this book was when Jerry called up the girl from his bus stop. I felt sad for him because she smiled at him everyday and then he went in the phone book to look for her and he found it and then he called and she didn’t even know who he was and she thought that he was some kind of sick pervert calling her.

The epoch of belief

Charles Dickens celebrated opening line in A Tale of Two Cities certainly sums up the experience of a first twelvemonth in-between school instructor. â€Å" It was the worst of times, it was the best of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of folly, it was the era of belief, it was the era of disbelief, it was the season of Light†¦ † I started learning in-between school in a self-contained drop-out bar ( â€Å" DOP † ) category. Translation: self-contained, please-do n't let-them-out-we're-scared category. I was hired in October after the old instructor packed up his things and quit in the center of the afternoon. They were despairing, and as a individual ma with merely one income, so was I. To add to the bell saloon of this most ambitious clip was the trade name new province broad proving tendencies that frequently dominate the documents today. Regardless of the of weight overload, it is ten old ages subsequently and I ‘m happy to describe both the pupils and I survived that twelvemonth. The chief even allow us out for a local field trip and merely the clock in the front anteroom wall of the scientific discipline museum did non endure. Trust me when I tell you there was nil they taught me in college that prepared me for my first twelvemonth of learning in-between school. I know nevertheless, that the worst of times could hold been a batch easier if I knew so what I know now. That is where this book comes in, to supply you with more wisdom, belief, and visible radiation, and a batch less foolishness and disbelief on your way to great instruction.Using This BookEducating pupils on the cusp of their most influential age encompasses much more than a few text books, cute bulletin boards, and some expo markers. Making an effectual yet comfy acquisition environment amid today ‘s province criterions, inclusion categories and federal authorizations is genuinely a noteworthy achievement. Fortunately, we besides teach in a digital age which has simplified many of the undertakings our predecessors found grueling. Read this book screen to cover so maintain it near by as a mention beginning throughout your first twelvemonth. Education is a busy main road, but if you are up for the thrust, this book is the topographic point to get down and will take you through:Forging lasting, professional relationships with disposal and co-workers during your first twelvemonth.Making a well organized, good behaved, comfy, â€Å" safe zone † schoolroom while adhering to territory, province and school outlooks.Facilitating lasting, positive relationships with disposal, fellow module, and territory and support staff.Guide you through analysing tempo and course of study guidelines and happening and implanting your province ‘s criterions into individualized units.Finding schemes that will assist you make a technologically savvy schoolroom that keeps pupils engaged with your lessons in this age of MP-3 participants, bet oning consoles and multi-functioning cell phones.Facilitating the creative activity positive partnerships with parents, and demo you how to turn the most hard parent into your most valuable Ali.Define, supply thoughts, and offer samples and templets for academic squads, interdisciplinary units, and departmental planning.Groking the drive rational behind federal Torahs such as ESOL, the No Child Left Behind Act, and assorted particular instruction Torahs and their affects on mandated testing.How to guarantee your pupils run into the equal annually advancement as dictated by mandated proving while keeping an effectual, merriment, and originative acquisition environment.Numerous resources such web sites that offer free teacher instructional thoughts and cod dramatis personaes, appropriate and high involvement novel suggestions for in-between school pupils, and samples and templets for lesson programs, and units, and many other signifiers.This book is the GPS that will assist you steer around your in-between school vicinity. I bid you a assuring farewell on an adventur esome journey. I hope you will happen it every bit meaningful as I have.Chapter 1 Teachers and MoneyTeacher CompensationLet it be said that there are tonss of benefits to learning. It is extremely likely if you have made it this far you understand money is non one of them. If someway you have missed that piece of information, a good suggestion would be to set this book down and travel purchase a transcript of What Color is My Parachute. There is nil incorrect with be willing work hard for finer things in life. Unfortunately, the attempt and expertness expended by instructors, far out manner the compensation received. Education in the United States is authorities tally and so the majority of determinations are made by elective functionaries. Although there is a batch of rhetoric spewed around about the importance of extremely paid professional instructors, in world, increasing educational support is really frequently low on a politician ‘s precedence list. Influential parents o n a regular basis send their kids to private school and hence, public school support is simply a bantam beep of small effect on the radio detection and ranging of their kids ‘s hereafter. Shameful? Possibly, but, while politicians twirl around the latest and purportedly low cost instruction tendencies, pedagogues in the United States have produced some of the most important leaders of our clip. With that said, territories do, in fact, offer many pecuniary benefits and although instructors will non make six figures on learning entirely, it is a nice life. There is more good intelligence ; although, surely non compulsory, flexible hours and summers allow instructors to supplement their income through other avenues, some of which are addressed in Chapter 14. This makes learning a really attractive calling for persons whose avocations, such as authorship, art, and package design, may non supply fulltime life. And, eventually, instructors are historically able to retire rather comfortably on a stable income.Wage ScalesPayroll may fall under different sections depending on the size of the territory. It may be in accounting, human resources, hazard direction, or in bigger territories, merely paysheet. You will most surely want to be familiar with this peculiar section. Among the information you will happen in the paysheet section are wage graduated tables and salary agendas. Although statistics vary somewhat from province to province and territory to organisation, most agree that the mean territory get downing salary is in the mid mid-thirtiess. The mean wage of a tenured instructor in the United States is in the mid 1950ss to low 1960ss. Base wages are negotiated through a brotherhood in most territories. The sum is in concurrence with the old ages in service and at times, the type of contract you are under. Here is an illustration of a salary graduated table in South Florida. â€Å" Measure † is the sum of old ages in service. Some territory will hold two wage graduated tables, one for get downing instructors on one-year contract and another for tenured instructors. An one-year contract means the territory has the right to regenerate or non regenerate your contract at the terminal of each school twelvemonth. A professional services contract is otherwise known as â€Å" term of office † . Tenure means you have an on-going contract with the territory. There may be extra wage inducements for â€Å" tenured † instructors in your territories. Many territories require you work under an â€Å" one-year contract † for three to five old ages before you fall under the â€Å" professional services contract † . The paysheet office in your territory will allow you cognize where to look for your wage graduated table and how long you need to work before you are considered tenured or professional service.Wage AgendasBeware. Teachers are frequently given a pick whether to take their one-year wag e over 10 months, throughout the school twelvemonth, or 12 months, which includes the summer. Salary agendas vary from territory to territory, but by and large talking an pedagogue will acquire paid every two hebdomads or twice monthly. If one is self-restraining and in fiscal matters savvy, taking their wage over a 10 month period is the wiser option. An person can gain involvement on the money they put into nest eggs during the twelvemonth. For many instructors, particularly those without fiscal delicacy, this is quite nice in theory, but by the clip summer axial rotations around they are level broke. It is extremely suggested during that a new instructor take his or her salary over 12 months. Summers are for holidaies, professional development and re-energizing for the approaching twelvemonth. It is non clip to emphasize and scramble to pay measures or to be populating on a diet of catsup sandwiches. No 1 wants debt aggregators champing at their heels when it is clip for school to restart.Extra Incentives and Fringe BenefitsSince many territories have extra wage inducements, you will desire to look into and see what is offered in your country. Here are illustrations of some more common inducements: Critical Shortage Areas Some instruction places are more hard for territories to make full than others. These are known as â€Å" critical deficit countries † . There are many benefits for instructors with the expertness and instruction to make full these places. They normally include scientific discipline and math, particular instruction and English Speakers of Other Languages. Compensation may run from engaging fillips to student loan forgiveness plans.Higher Degrees and CertificationsDistricts on a regular basis offer added compensation to instructors with extra certificates. This may include a Masterss degree in a specific capable country, to ESOL or National Board Certification. Payment may be a one clip fillip or a salary addition.Travel and Lower Economic School IncentivesLower economic and rural countries are hard to staff. To pull quality teachers, stipends are offered over and above regular wage to counterbalance for clip and travel. If this is an option for you, be certain to see non merely milage and wear and rupture on your auto, but if in your first twelvemonth of instruction, you are able to run into the many challenges faced by lower economic pupils.AYP BonusAdequate annually advancement is determined by province broad appraisal proving in concurrence with the No Child Left Behind Act, both explained in greater item in Chapter 13. Support is offered to schools and/or territories which meet the ends set Forth by AYP criterions. Although how this money is spent is slightly controversial and varies even from school to school, it could intend a annual fillip for you from a twosome hundred dollars to over a 1000.Sick and Personal DaysTeachers usually acquire a set sum of sick and personal yearss that they can utilize during the twelvemonth. Check with your territory. Find out if you will free these yearss if you do non take them. More frequently there is the option of transporting ill clip from twelvemonth to twelvemonth. Salvaging it up shoul d you necessitate it for of import life events such as pregnancy leave. If ill leave and personal yearss remain untasted the when its clip for retirement the school territory will cipher the sum of clip saved. Teachers so receive a ball amount separating payment upon retiring. This can add up to quite a brawny sum, even if merely a few sick/personal yearss are saved each twelvemonth.Risk Management/Human ResourcesLike most authorities bureaus and larger companies, teacher compensation usually includes tonss of added benefits such as free or low cost wellness insurance, disablement, life insurance, etc. Find out what your single territory offers There are pecuniary wagess in a instruction, but largely your calling will offer limitless intrinsic compensation. You will be literally determining the hereafter of your community, your province and your state. By the clip you retire you will hold been responsible for the rational lives of 1000s. And if you are successful, you will ne'er be forgotten.Chapter 1 Meeting the District and Middle SchoolFinding lucidity in the first confusing yearss of professional development ( instructors merely back to school ) is of import in kick get downing a successful in-between school calling. This chapter obviously explains what to look for in those critical first hebdomad meetings. It will help you in garnering the information needed throughout the twelvemonth to fix an advanced schoolroom atmosphere that meets both territory and school outlooks.Knowing Your DistrictDistrict StructureOpportunities are, if you ‘ve been hired to learn your first twelvemonth of in-between school you have bee n to your territory office for an interview, fingerprinting or to make full out the overplus of paperwork required of many pedagogues. But the internal construction and workings are what will most impact you for the clip you are employed. Whether it be a few old ages, or until you retire, this is the topographic point that will order everything from paysheet policies to curriculum patterns. Many territories will offer the information you need to leap get down your calling such as course of study pacing ushers and suggested lesson programs on their web site, so visits to the existent school board edifice will be minimum. By merely logging on to the territory ‘s web site, and most of them are rather comprehensive you can happen the information discussed throughout this book. Regardless, be certain to see your territory before school Begins and go to any early school twelvemonth meetings that are geared to assisting you navigate your manner around the territory sections.Your District ‘s School Board and Mission StatementMost relevant to territories construction and to you and your pupils is its mission statement. The mission statement starts with your territory ‘s school board. The board is made up of elective functionaries headed, by a overseer who is appointed by the board. This board has a vision for the instruction of the territory ‘s pupils which will be reflected in a mission statement. The followers is an illustration of a mission statement from a New Jersey school territory in Morris County: The mission of the East Hanover School District is to fix our immature people to be positive, lending members of society. Through a diversified course of study which incorporates the outlook that all pupils achieve the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards ( NJCCCS ) at all class degrees and a school environment that fosters self-esteem, independent thought, and regard for single differences, we provide our pupils with the accomplishments and experiences necessary to help them in accomplishing their fullest potency as alone persons and to run into the challenges of life. Similar, common sense, all embracing practical statements are designed and maintained by a battalion of territories. If yours has one, maintain it near by. You can take the territory mission statement, along with your school ‘s mission statement and make one your ain that encompasses your professional ends as an teacher in your county Use it as a summarized usher for the outlooks you must run into as instructor. You will see your territories mission statement in action on a day-to-day footing. However, if you wish to acquire to cognize your school board members and larn how your territory facilitates and maintains the unity of its mission statement, attend a school board meeting. Districts post their meetings on their web site or newssheet and are frequently held on the same twenty-four hours of each hebdomad or month, during evening hours. District meetings are public forums, anyone is invited to go to and with anterior presentment has the right to speak.. They can be long and drawn out, but you will happen everything from subsidy arguments, to calendar determinations, and possibly even some dissenters bucking the latest learning tendency or support debacle.CertificationYour territory ‘s Certification section is your credential keeper and does non halt supervising your achievements one time you have completed your initial instruction demands. Many territories offer added compensation for extra grades or enfranchisement fortes. Besides, your enfranchisement section will cognize what type of tuition reimbursement programs are offered. It is advisable to happen person knowing in that section by look intoing with experient instructors. Additionally, throughout your calling you will hold to regenerate your enfranchisement of all time few old ages with professional development points covered in item in Chapter 3. Find the section and remain in touch with them sporadically to guarantee you are up to day of the month on whatever necessities may be asked of you.District Unions: To Join or Not to JoinBy and large, territories have teacher brotherhoods. Whether they are effectual or non is surely up for argument by many and there are both pros and cons to being a brotherhood member. Research your local brotherhood exhaustively. They will be happy to speak you. See what they have to offer. In the long tally it may be worth the dues. Union dues can frequently be deducted from paysheet. Servicess vary from comfortss such as price reductions to local merchandisers to covering the cost of legal services should you necessitate council and/or representation. Additionally, for the first twelvemonth instructor, some brotherhoods offer professional development classs or aid with enfranchisement tests. If you should make up one's mind against fall ining your brotherhood you will necessitate professional liability insurance. If your territory does non offer liability and you choose non to fall in the brotherhood, you will necessitate buy your ain insurance. If you are a instructor of unity and effectivity, this is one of those policies you will more than probably ne'er need. It happens, nevertheless. Remember, as a in-between school instructor you will come into contact with over 100 kids per twelvemonth plus their parents or defenders. Your moral compass may impeccable, but that does non intend you will non happen yourself in a quandary that requires legal representation. You need merely read today ‘s headlines to understand the many originative ways instructors are being sued.District Department MeetingsSchool Districts are non merely payroll sections. The course of study you will be learning and pacing of your units and lesson programs come from your territory ‘s offi ce. It is imperative you get to cognize where to happen these stuffs and information. At times it may be distributed through your school section chair. Other times your school section chair will mention you right back to your territory office or web site.Early Year MeetingsEach section from scientific discipline to English should hold an early school twelvemonth meeting. This may be a series of events held entirely for new instructors, professional developments categories for all territory instructors in your capable country or workshops presenting new text edition acceptances. It may look you are overwhelmed with meetings your first hebdomad in your new calling and you likely are. As a consequence of these meetings at that place will look hardly adequate clip to acquire your schoolroom decorated. It may be really tempted to jump out on territory meetings, particularly after you note a few veteran instructors have remained behind. Do non jump these meetings. Not merely are they full of information, but you can kick get down your twelvemonth off with professional development points and frequently free schoolroom supplies. ‘ District meetings are frequently a great topographic point to garner some of your schoolroom supplies. Keep your eyes and ears unfastened, see what they have. Once you become a instructor you are instantly given scavenging unsusceptibility. It is all right to unashamedly scrounge. No 1 will look twice. Materials that can be uncovered at territory meetings include Post-Its, pens and school-year calendars left by organisations like the recognition brotherhood who target publicize to instructors. You may besides happen stuffs such as bulletin board lodgers and educational games and activities. The great thing about these gifts are they will be in concurrence with the subject of your text books.New Teacher EventsSome territories will hold an full hebdomad devoted to new instructor preparation and others will hold possibly a twenty-four hours or two. These meetings will assist you voyage your territory ‘s policies. They will give you the specific information on mission statements, c onstruction, and paysheet and benefits that you need. You will besides run into other instructors on the get downing line of their callings. Additionally, some territories will hold brotherhood representatives, text edition and learning shop sellers who do are ready and willing to demo you the ropes of instruction.WorkshopsThe Professional development workshops held by the territory reinforces the vision it has for its instructors and is frequently facilitated by seasoned teachers who are looked upon every bit successful. These are great function theoretical accounts who have been in your place. You will happen most of them eager to assist you acquire the information you need.Textbook Sellers and Workshops( PICTURE OF VENDOR DISPLAY ) New text editions and accessory stuffs are adopted by territories every few old ages. The book itself, the sum of clip it is used and what will travel along with the text to assist your instruction is usually decided by a territory commission made up o f instructors in your country. Once the determination has been made there will normally be a workshop held by the text edition sellers. Even if you have an antipathy to gross revenues people, do your text book seller a really close friend. They know their company and its books and package indoors and out. They can and will reply any inquiries you may hold from walking you through on-line text edition entree to ancillary accelerated math hiting package, to what current novels are being used by your topic and class degree throughout the province. Even better, they are frequently willing to supply you with sample stuffs to prove out with your pupils. In today ‘s universe that may intend some really cool and really free new engineering. Workshops on new text editions are every bit of import. Many instructors instantly discount what textbooks have to offer because there is frequently so much stuff is it overpowering. Take the clip to acquire to cognize your text and the workshops offered by sellers are a great topographic point to get down. Often textbooks will supply you with aims, indispensable inquiries and really turn to your single province ‘s criterions in your instructor ‘s edition. TE ‘s great thoughts for differentiated direction and merriment activities that go along with your lessons and we will turn to that farther in Chapter 5. Finally, your territory chose that text edition because they feel it aligns in some manner with their instructional mission. So acquire to cognize acquire to cognize your text edition sellers, talk to your brotherhood and research your territory. A comprehensive apprehension of its mission, construction and policies will supply lucidity in understanding the determinations made by the disposal in your single school and the policies implemented. Knowing the large image will assist you understand where you and your in-between school tantrum in and what is expected.Your Very First Middle School Faculty Meeting( PICTURE OF FACULTY MEETING ) Some new instructors may happen themselves on information overload during their first module meeting as these meetings are filled unmeasurable sums of information and a overplus of paperwork. This is where you will run into your disposal and co-workers. Furthermore it is these early twelvemonth meetings where you larn your school ‘s academic standing in your territory, province and possibly the state. Equally as of import are the specific instructions for first hebdoma d processs. Watch and listen. Take notes. When you go home review them and if you have inquiries seek out replies. You will avoid a tidal moving ridge of emphasis and misinterpretation if you truly understand what ‘s expected your first yearss of school, so stay focused.Your ColleaguesEarly twelvemonth module meetings are great manner to ferret out the countless victors in the game of instruction. New instructors will happen throughout their approaching old ages as pedagogues, genuinely icky instructors are an minute minority. This little minority ‘s hideous and sometimes condemnable behaviour is magnified several million times by bad imperativeness. Most in-between school instructors, irrespective of their diverse personality traits and imperfectnesss, love their schoolroom and their pupils. This is non a concern you want to wake up to in the forenoon if you do non. Like any other big establishment there are many persons with diverse personalities. It takes a particular individual to work with an age group from which most others rapidly run shouting and ne'er look book. Therefore, even among the gossipmongers, complainers, and brownnosers of the module meetings, there are ever a mass of folks who are improbably effectual with the pupils in their schoolrooms. Keeping principals above personalities allows one to bask the humor and wisdom of learning experience even though some of the instructors sharing their experience are non among those one might ask for over for a barbeque. Even those pedagogues who may look to hold aced Evil 101 as requirement to all their other classs have something to offer. Discern, but do non judge. If you think back, it is most likely the instructors with the highest outlooks, along with the most classroom construction that got your best out of you when you felt like slacking. You can larn much from these veterans.This does non intend that instructors will happen healthy and permanent friendly relationships outside of the schoolroom with other co-workers.With that said, it is unfortunate, but there are those instructors who slip through the holes of the good instructor screen and a new instructor may happen themselves working following door to one. New instructors should visualize their schoolroom as a immense vault wherein their educational valuables lie, along with their ain concern, merely maintaining ticker on your their ain vault. It is of import to observe, nevertheless that in most provinces there is excess duty given to you as health professional of kids. These Torahs make you a compulsory newsman. Naturally, if a instructor witnesses inappropriate behaviour which may represent maltreatment, the affair must instantly be discussed with the school ‘s chief or adjunct chief If a instructor notices any indicants of maltreatment of any sort, to any kid, it is their duty to describe it and if they do non, they may free their enfranchisement to learn, non to advert the embarrassment it may do friends and households when, if intuitions are true, you are arrested along with the maltreater for helping and abetting. Herbert Hoover said â€Å" Children are our most valuable national resource † . It would be a sound tactic wise for new instructors to retrieve that frequently we are the lone 1s on ticker of these â€Å" valuable resources † Should you of all time be put into a state of affairs where you must describe maltreatment of kid by one of your co-workers, do non discourse the affair your section meeting or around the tiffin tabular array. This is merely gossip. Be discreet. Even if you report the facts and merely the facts to your fellow instructors, good, retrieve that game of telephone you played in first class when one individual started with a secret and it went around the room merely to stop up earnestly distorted? Well this clip your professional repute is on the line. These are legal issues and a instructor ‘s duty is to her pupils. A repute as they faculty lounge intelligence letter writer will merely convey harm to your calling and misgiving from your equals. Make your study to the appropriate authorization and so maintain a palpebra on it. However, if new instructors choose to inform the principal he or she has hired many uneffective pedagogues you are doomed. First, you might every bit good state your principal he or she is non making her occupation as it is her duty to see to it that the pupils in her school are being educated. Second, your principal will desire to cognize why, as a first twelvemonth teacher larning the crannies of instruction, that you have clip to detect the lacks of others. Many times instructors whose pupils are non run intoing province criterions are on the principal ‘s radio detection and ranging anyhow. They are given the chance to better and will travel through appropriate channels to make so before being let travel. It can non be stressed plenty that unless a new instructor sees something wholly inappropriate, it unwise to state anything to colleagues or decision makers. Until you a new instructor has become a seasoned instructor it is best to maintain this type of information to under wraps. This is no different than any other occupation. If a new instructor wants to be counted among the respected and fall in the victors in this game, they need to larn the game before stating other people how to play.Principal ‘s Principles and ExpectationsPrincipals are at the helm of in-between schools assortment crew. She guides her ship through the unsmooth Waterss of unhappy instructors, aggressive kids and enraged parents while the budget she juggles to maintain her vas afloat could non repair a leak on a sinking ship. Sometimes she is pleasant to work for and apprehensible so, sometimes non. Regardless, if you couple the vision of your territory with the vision of your principal, and follow that lead, you can be confident that what you are making is effectual and on undertaking. Be certain get a acute sense of your principal ‘s outlooks and leading manner. Some principal ‘s have more of democratic, system where instructors, module and staff are the driving force behind the school civilization, and others like to micromanage. Whichever group your chief tantrums into you will hold to set to that manner, for now anyhow. It is of import you gain an apprehension of her leading rules and how she wants you stay the class so you help her usher her ship to where it is traveling. You will happen no affair what the manner, the most common tools used by principals to leave their outlooks to their module is standardised proving informations.Decoding DatasIn the boot off yearss before pupils arrive, the principal will portion the old twelvemonth ‘s informations with you and she will use the informations to build her ends for the coming school twelvemonth. In today ‘s old ages of AYP criterions dictated by the No Child Left Behind Act, it is should non come as a surprise that most principal ‘s ends are set in conformity with standardised testing. Chapters 11 and 12 explain these proving authorizations in more item. However, the followers is a basic early instruction yearss understanding. It will assist you see where your peculiar pupils fit. This is a all right chance to be able to organize your principal ‘s ends, with your pupil ‘s expected accomplishments and use those to your schoolroom and/or professional development programs. Although there are national norm referenced trials, standardized proving today is normally determined from province to province. Your principal will more than likely present informations on your school in footings of its relation to other schools in your territory and your province. One of the assets of the No Child Left Behind Act is that it provides ways to put and use mensurable ends. When you look at this information and what is expected of you, particularly if you are learning a topic that is addressed by standardised proving you may get down to experience rather a spot of tenseness. Do non worry, if your end is the instruction of your pupils, easing the achievement of these ends by your pupils is a batch easier said than done. There is excessively much panicking traveling on in our schools today and non adequate focal point on larning. In this book you will happen programs and activities that will help you and your pupils in making the criterions set Forth. So remain unagitated amidst the storm. When your principal is showing informations, if a transcript of it has non been provided to you, inquire for one. Normally that will non be a job. This will give more than the short clip between power point slides to decode your school ‘s informations. Additionally, you may wish to hold a transcript with you to compare to Chapters 11 and 12. This brings the political and trial centered rhetoric place and will make more professional significance if you can use it to you and your pupils. Furthermore, if your school provides appraisals throughout the twelvemonth you may utilize this information to mensurate against the informations mensurating your pupils ‘ betterments. In the interim, the NCLB is a colossal answerability system. Here are some of the simpler facts you need to cognize in your early yearss of instruction.The informations your will see is based on statewide trials taken by pupils towards the terminal of the school twelvemonth, normally late March or April. The trials are designed in conformity with the federal guidelines set Forth in the No Child Left Behind Act. Titles of these trials vary from State to State: MCAT: Main Comprehensive Assessment Test and CST: California Standards Test.he data will largely like be compared to other schools in your territory and province.There will be an overall mark which is determined by variables as mandated by the NCLB. You will be able to observe how your overall mark compared to that of other schools during your principal ‘s presentation.Tonss will so be broken down into separate countries that are tested. Decidedly math and reading, and in many provinces, composing and even scientific disci pline and societal surveies.The information will be so interrupt down once more into sub-groups. Subgroups can include lower economic degree pupils, frequently referred to as â€Å" having free and decreased tiffin † . Subgroups are broken down even further into African American, Asian, Hispanic and White.Additions are how much each pupil and group and overall school improved. Your school ‘s additions will find whether school has met equal annually advancement as determined by NCLB.Be certain to observe the population Numberss. For illustration, an Asiatic group may demo great additions, but if there are on 5 Asiatic pupils on a in-between school campus of 1300, that is non stating much.From at that place, your principal will see the advancement made the old twelvemonth and present her outlooks for this twelvemonth. For illustration, if your school did reasonably good overall, but, but Latino pupils showed a lessening in math, you may hear her say, â€Å" Our school en d is to hold all pupils improve 5 % on reading tonss. Latino Students will increase their mathematics mark by 7 % . † Some principals, cognizing that instructors are on the frontlines of pupil betterment, may administer the information and have instructors interrupt up into section groups, i.e. math, reading, English, and so hold the section chairs study back with findings, ends and what the instructors will necessitate to make their ends. Finally, a end will be set for the school twelvemonth and will be, more than probably included in your school ‘s mission statement. Many others have found that these mensurable ends provide more lucidity into what should be taught in the schoolroom. It can non be stressed plenty and it will be brought up in late chapters: these ends have ne'er meant to be set so instructors would be required to learn to a trial. Although it is a good thought to pass some reappraisal clip on standardised trial pickings schemes, by the clip your pupils have reached in-between school they know how to make full in the bubbles. Teach them to the accomplishments need to cognize to be successful in the universe and they will make amazingly good on their appraisal subsequently in the twelvemonth. This information may sound foreign. Make non be afraid to inquire inquiries until you understand what is being discussed. If you are uncomfortable inquiring inquiries in a module meeting, find person who understands the informations and can reply inquiries you may hold. Please note that a per centum of the gross received by your school in one manner or another comes from the federal authorities is in relation to accomplishing the criterions set Forth by the No Child Left Behind Act. Do non disregard the importance of statistics to your chief as they apply to learning achievements in today ‘s universe.AdministrationTo back up your principal will be adjunct principals. The figure of these decision makers will depend on the size of your school. Find out how the concatenation of bids among these decision makers plants. In smaller schools where there is a chief and adjunct principal, they are frequently a squad covering all the undertakings necessary to maintain your in-between school running swimmingly. On the other manus, in larger in-between schools require more adjunct principals may be assigned to a whole class degree or by undertaking. For illustration, there may be a 6th class, 7th class and 8th class helper principals to manage subject harm onizing to their several class degree. Most significantly, it will likely be an adjunct principal who does most of your observations your first twelvemonth. It may be the helper principal assigned to your grade degree or it may be an helper principal assigned to back up new instructors. Find out who your decision maker is and inquire her if there is anything in add-on to those listed in the module enchiridion that you should cognize about her outlooks. Will you be working on a professional development program together? If she seems unfastened to conversation and willing to assist make non waver to inquire her what kinds of things helped her in first twelvemonth of instruction. Knowing who she is and what she expects will non merely assistance you on your reappraisals but will besides back up your growing as an pedagogue. It is rare, but you may run across decision makers, for grounds of deficiency of clip, to concatenation of bid, who would prefer non to hold to cover with new instructor whoas. Hopefully, and they most surely should hold assigned you to a wise man. If non seek one out. Find a seasoned instructor who has been employed at that peculiar school for some clip and is willing to reply your inquiries. Normally the module who have been around for awhile can steer you in understanding what ‘s expected from the disposal. Just do certain your inquiries do non turn into gossip Sessionss about your decision maker as they easy may. Again, happening an decision maker who is non willing to be of aid is rare. In fact they have frequently been new instructors themselves and should wholly understand and welcome your willingness to larn and turn. As the twelvemonth goes They largely like have a solution for many cub quandaries.Covering With Difficult AdministrationThey are rare, but they exist. New instructors will constantly hear chilling narratives of disposal sooner avoided. Demanding, micromanaging, malevolent, unmotivating incubuss who do non waver to throw their screaming-for-mercy new instructors to a lair of fanged, PTO jaguar parents. Or possibly the lawlessness making adjunct principal who allows their disrespectful pupil â€Å" cheeps † to run hellaciously through the hallways making mayhem and crust alternatively of order and regard. First allow it be said that these narratives are normally exaggerated. The old proverb that there is good in the worst of us and bad in the best of us holds true for p rincipals excessively. They are human existences human existences with kids and expansive kids, hubbies, and brothers and sisters. They merely may non hold developed a leading manner that works for many instructors. The good intelligence is frequently if principals can non take a school to higher public presentation each twelvemonth they are finally replaced. Sometimes moved, sometimes ne'er to be heard of once more. Principals are under every bit much if non more force per unit area to maintain their schools good managed behaviorally and the tonss of all pupils doing additions on the continuum of assessment proving. This normally requires reasonably competent educational supervisiory accomplishments. Principals who do non hold those abilities will be replaced. However, since there has yet to be an objectionable foremans 101 class offered among most colleges and universities, they are sometimes a fact of life so here arehelpful intimations to assist new instructors stay motivated and successful. First, new instructors on who are presently sing where to work and hold non already accepted a place, should make their best to avoid landing in a school where there may be job disposals. Naming the local instructors brotherhood and happening out which schools have the highest turnover is a stating mark of the instructor satisfaction. If turnover is significantly higher than other schools it is therein that you will likely happen the lair of the fabulous, malevolent decision maker who has been the subject of distinct treatments among the module lunches antecedently mentioned. Avoid her like the pestilence. There are excessively many learning places that will open with supportive and effectual administrative leading. Should a new instructor decide to pay his or her dues at a school with a less than administrative friendly ambiance, or if someway one has inadvertently landed at in a similar school construction all a new instructor may merely make their best to make their occupations. As antecedently stated, happen out what your principals expects and follow those guidelines. When a new instructor becomes diffident If they are apparently impossibly seek out the 1s that best function your pupils. and seek and do non panicFaculty Hand BookAn first-class resource for instructors acquiring acclimated to the leading outlooks at their school will happen information foremost manus in their module enchiridion. Everything from school regulations, effects, frock codification, drill processs etc. , personal yearss and are all spelled out. Read it and mention to it. There ‘s nil more annoyance for a principal who is covering with the day-to-day flood of the parent, pupils and paperwork parade around and across their desk so a new instructor inquiring what steps need to be taken to acquire a personal twenty-four hours.First Day ProceduresOther of import information that will be presented by either the principal or helper principal will be the first twenty-four hours processs. New instructors should take notes and be certain to listen. You will have information from coach responsibility stations to blood board pathogen instructions. Keep all first twenty-four hours process notes and paperwork separate from all other information. Teachers should set together a file or little binder and label it â€Å" First Day Procedures † , so reappraisal and form it a twenty-four hours or two before large event. New instructors may besides desire to make a walk through the twenty-four hours before. For illustration, frequently times 6th class pupils will be picked up at certain country such as the cafeteria and escorted to their schoolrooms by their instructors since the first twenty-four ho urs may be terribly perplexing to them. Bringing a file and maintaining all first twenty-four hours process papers together will help in leting a first twenty-four hours of joy and exhilaration instead than emphasis and confusion. There will decidedly be a list of signifiers to be sent place and signed by ma. Keep a cheque list of your home room and period rolls like the illustration below. Mark the day of the month you distributed the signifier. Roll up the signifiers at the beginning of each category period and so merely look into off each signifier as they are returned. To guarantee that signifiers are returned in a timely mode it is helpful to offer pupils incentive. Such as if the signifiers are returned by such and such a day of the month, pupils will have 100 % for their first assignment class. ( As discussed subsequently in the chapter on scaling, assignments are normally a smaller per centum of pupils classs than quizzes, trials and undertakings. This will assist you look into documents off as they go out and come in. Frequently, for the first yearss or hebdomad, the attending process may change from the norm so your principal can acquire accurate Numberss of the pupils who will go to. Take note that blood born pathogen safety processs are normally presented by your principal or helper chief during these meetings. Many unwellnesss today including the HIV virus is transmitted through bodily fluids, chiefly blood. Your disposal will desire you to cognize how to manage a state of affairs that falls under this header from the first minute the pupils enter campus. They will besides supply all instructors with or state them where to happen blood born pathogens kit. These are merely kits with safety step stuffs such as plastic baseball mitts, gauze and manus sanitizer. If your some uneven ground your school does non make this, do certain you make your ain kit. Teachers go for old ages ne'er holding to touch a pupil who is shed blooding. Most instructors genuinely want to be at that place for a pupil if they need aid, and this most surely can be done without seting one ‘s ain life at hazard.Chapter 2 Teaching Relationships and Your Go-To CrewKnowing where to travel f or counsel in one ‘s first twelvemonth as an pedagogue will do the apparently infinite undertakings of a in-between school instructor remarkable more manageable. From keepers to positive relationships with support staff you can set up a web that will continuously lend to your thin, average, educational schoolroom machine. But retrieve these persons serve an full module and frequently other staff members. The I-am-the center-of-the-universe-bull-dog-approach will gets instructors nil but ignored. Bing considerate of other ‘s feelings and clip restraints is much more effectual. This does non intend that have to retrieve everyone ‘s anniversary and the day of the month of their first born kid. This chapter will give you a basic apprehension of who is who in in-between school support staff and how to set up effectual relationships with them.Understanding Your Schools Departmental StructureAs discussed in the old subdivision on Administrators, often a school ‘s fo rces Numberss in any given section may change. Factors range from the size of the school to territory authorizations. But in the bulk of in-between schools, you will happen section chairs and sometimes specializers in the capable country you teach who are at that place to assist you with schemes and resources.Department HeadsFrequently there is a seasoned instructor in your section who is in charge of assorted responsibilities, chiefly the attention and trailing of text books, and conveying information from the principal or territory back to you at on a regular basis scheduled section meetings. In some schools they may besides be in charge of the supplies at for the instructors in your capable country. This individual is known as the section caput or section chair. Keep in head that these persons are instructors along with their departmental responsibilities. They are improbably busy the first yearss of school suiting instructors and fixing their schoolrooms. However, they are besides paid and excess stipend for this place, so if you need something ask. Early in your schoolroom readying yearss, check that you have adequate text editions and a teacher edition for each one. If the section caput is in charge of supplies check what you need, besides. This manner, you can give yourself plentifulness of clip to allow your section caput know that you understand they are busy, and would wish to travel to the bookroom or supply room to acquire what you need at their convenience.SpecialistsToday, many particular demands pupils who were confined to a schoolroom with other pupils considered handicapped are able to go to school in a mainstreamed. That means in a regular category. However, some may still necessitate aid in one signifier or another Therefore, to help you in educating the particular demands child you may be working with a specializer in your schoolroom. This will change from a Teacher ‘s Assistant with an associates degree, to a PhD expert in ESE. It may be person who marks for a deaf pupil, a â€Å" shadow † , or a instructor who specializes in working with pupils with physical disablements. Regardless of their grade, or specialisation, they will be at that place to assist your pupil ( s ) win. In your early yearss of school new instructors should seek out whoever they will be working with and Find out who they are with whom they will be working. If it is a physically handicapped pupil, possibly they may necessitate the kid ‘s desk near to the door. Ask them if they have the pupils Education Plan, a papers saying the adjustments that must be met for the pupil ( See Chapter 7 ) . Possibly a desk with the chair attached will non be suited and you will necessitate to happen 1 with the degage chair. They may necessitate to be seated by the door or near the forepart of the room. Possibly the specializer would appreciate a chair placed near the pupil ( s ) so they may sit and work with them closely. Not merely will the specialist appreciate your premeditation, it will salvage you from scrambling to supply appropriate adjustments for one pupil while 28 others look on. A word to the wise, in-between schoolers do non look on for long -if there ‘s non something traveling on specifically prosecuting them, they will make it. Make everything you can including doing certain all your pupils are suitably accommodated get downing the really first twenty-four hours.GuidanceMiddle School Guidance counsellors ‘ duties vary from territory to territory and school to school. But in a nutshell, they have the distinguishable challenge of moving as a confident and adviser to an age group of persons who are turning faster physically, emotionally and hormonally than any other clip in their lives. They see more play in their offices so Cecil B. DeMille would if he directed Days of Our Lifes. The act as go-betweens, bash interventionists, societal workers, and the list goes on and on. Guidance will back up a schoolroom instructor in many ways. Among the most of import of those functions are maintaining instructors up to rush on those pupils who may be confronting challenges that affect their faculty members or schoolroom behaviour and as a affair in parent/teacher conferences. Guidance counsellors are up on the societal and educational services that are offered for the kids in your county and frequently will mention those pupils in demand. They can help in showing teacher ‘s concerns to parents including anything from inordinate absences to miss of prep completion to marks of depression. Guidance counsellors must document all interactions with pupils and parents. Staying on top of your day-to-day paperwork will help them. For illustration, if a pupil is losing more than the mean yearss of school, and the instructor is non keep accurate attending records, the undertaking of reaching and look intoing the issue becomes more clip consuming as the counsellor will hold head out in chase of the information she should already hold on her desk.Media SpecialistWhat was one time known as the library is now the Media Center. It is non merely filled with books, but computing machines and other digital equipment. The media specializer is the gate keeper to all of these valuable educational dainties. These yearss some instructors seem to bury it ‘s still a library. The media centre is for research, look intoing out books, computing machine proving if terminuss are non available in the instructor ‘s schoolroom. It is non a pupil dumping land. Teachers need to happen out from the Media Specialist how many pupils is acceptable to direct at one clip. Possibly the media specializer would wish If pupils have non already learned how to act in a media centre they need to larn now. It is a topographic point for concentration and pupils who concentration should non be running about, drop the balling off and speaking aloud. Although simple school is the clip for pupils to larn what a â€Å" library † voice is, instructors may hold to remind them in the early yearss of school, before they attend the media either separately or as a category. If you feel your pupils need aid in farther understanding the media centre and its map, most media specializers are happy to assist. Keep in head that instructors are in responsible for the pupils in their category whether they are physically in the schoolroom or non. It is of import to be certain that pupils are monitered at all times. A media centre visit is non clip to cram up on one ‘s reading.Information Technology Advisor i.e. the I.T. GuyThe sum of digital engineering in your school is equal to the sum of financess your territory is willing to set into it. However, all schools today have engineering of some kind or another and there is normally an IT individual who can assist you out with everything from serious clangs to simple watchword losingss. A in-between school may hold a full clip IT individual, a portion clip individual who covers more than one school or it may be another instructor who has an added stipend and an excess planning period to acquire the occupation done. Regardless, the IT individual normally has to be in more than one topographic point at a clip. Making certain that the IT guy merely gets called when perfectly necessary. There is nil more maddening for a in-between school IT cat to hold to take clip out of his twenty-four hours to travel to your schoolroom for a crashed computing machine, merely to happen it is non plugged in. If instructors are non familiar with the rudimentss of computing machine hookups and the package they ‘ll be utilizing than they need to larn. If instructors use the media centre cat for every blip or bleep, they may be put on the underside of the IT guys list when there ‘s a true digital exigency.Support StaffIn Florida schools fillip dollars, otherwise known as A+ money, is awarded to schools who perform good on standardised testing. How the financess are distributed is voted on by staff. If, by a certain day of the month an understanding can non be met, the full sum goes to the instructors. It i s unfortunate, but it happens that in some Florida schools the instructors will, or many would wish to acquire the full sum. Rationales are based chiefly around â€Å" we did all the work † . Even books and web sites on learning seldom see support staff. If you want to cognize merely how of import they are to you, merely take a expression around your schoolroom. Person made certain it was clean. Person made certain your pupils had adequate desks and moved them in the schoolroom for you. Someone made certain you had keys to your room. Person has entered the information from your W2 signifier into the territory paysheet section ‘s leger. Person is keeping the parents at bay at the forepart desk so you can fix your schoolroom before acquiring stampeded with inquiries and concerns for their kid ‘s new instructor. Particularly if you are learning 6th grade.. Person made certain you received the right category rolls with your pupils on it and non person else ‘s. Person made certain you received a transcript of the module enchiridion so you do non do a complete ninkumpoop out of yourself at the following meeting. Person made certain that you are entered in the territories list of planetary e-mail references, some is requisitioning for the supplies you need. There list goes on and this is merely in the first hebdomad of school before the pupils have even arrived. Teaching is non a solo gig. However, because our occupation is frequently rather disputing we overlook the burden of others and make non give the sort of acknowledgment our support staff so frequently deserves. The persons we work with exterior of the schoolroom are frequently the power behind our success in the category and a simple hullo, smiling or even some rings goes a long manner. At the really least, do your petitions polite. Even you think you are underpaid. Try working for the school board as support staff. A valuable life lesson can be learned here. Sometimes, life is non about what we can acquire out of it but we can give.Front Office StaffOn some yearss the front counter is more competently described as the forepart lines. At any typical minute during the school twenty-four hours there phones are pealing, instructors are bombinating for attending on the intercom, replacements are waiting to see where they need to travel following, while parents are impatiently glowering. In many in-between schools the school nurse has been done off with and the front office clerks besides have the duty of moving as exigency medical techs. They are frequently charged with acquiring work orders for fixs and other petitions to the territory and seeing that they are addressed in a clip manner. Timely manner: if your warmer blows in the center of the winter, convey your windbreaker. Most territories move harmonizing to the slow and steady wins the race regulation. As front office staff are frequently the spell between the instructor and the territory in these affairs they frequently get blasted from both corners. Making reciprocally positive feelings with the individual at the forepart desk is comparatively simple. As you will larn how to efficaciously pull off your schoolroom in Chapter 5, naming to the front office to hold boisterous pupils removed by decision makers will be peculiarly unusual. Therefore, if you do hold a affair that needs to be addressed and it can wait, make non bombinate the front office. Send an electronic mail or note with a pupil so they can turn to your concern when they have put out the fires and the golds are down to a little freshness. A simple smiling and pleasant good forenoon when enter your school each twenty-four hours will be more of aid than you think. Like with all other persons, thoughtful kindnesses such as picking up a java bar when you do your food market shopping for the secretarial staff to bask or a thank you note for acquiring the territory to repair your air conditioning before the following millenary will travel a long manner.BookkeeperThe bookkeeper in your in-between school is your new best friend. The records of every cent you spend or receive will travel through her office. Whether it be requisitioning for schoolroom supplies or turning in gathered field trip financess, bookkeepers own the ploy of duty for keep accurate records on school fundss. They are in charge of histories receivable, histories collectible and may be in charge of come ining your paysheet. She is the debt aggregator for parental bounced cheques and comptroller for all your school ‘s organisations, nines and athletics squads. To do a bookkeepers life a small easier, make certain she has your accurate contact information and all your signifiers are right filled out. Often bookkeepers will hold their policy for subjecting financess such as monies collected in the module enchiridion. Salvage her erstwhile holding to explicate the school ‘s clerking processs and yourself some embarrassment after doing a error by reading up your schools bookkeeping policies and processs.Data Entry/Attendance ClerkBy and large, schools hire a information entry clerk who besides deals with the day-to-day attending record maintaining. These clerks are in charge of maintaining path of pupil information. Each twenty-four hours they track pupil enrollment and attending records and maintain the territory apprised of pupil approachs and departures. There is one good known favored peeve of informations entry clerks. That is some instructors do no maintain accurate attending records. Attedance records are legal paperss and instruc tors are required to maintain them. . Inaccurate attending makes life more hard and clip devouring for her and will intend holding to reply to disquieted parents who are looking for kids non accurately accounted for, calls from the territory questioning as to why a pupil attended merely one of his categories for during the two hebdomads he was out with pneumonia. Make attending a precedence and remain off of the attending clerk ‘s radio detection and ranging. Often this means she will hold to reply to a disquieted parentCustodiansLike other in-between school sections there is normally a caput keeper to take the crew. Custodians are charged with everything from cut downing the lawn to maintaining the bathroom healthful. Obviously, their undertaking is non ever a pleasant 1. They appreciate the persons that make their lives a little easier. After each category take a minute to before the bell to do certain all stuffs are put off and books are off the floor. Ever tried hoovering the house when the household, or Canis familiaris has left their properties all over the floor? This may sound little but it can non be imparted enough that it is the small thoughtful kindnesses that will do others esteem you and your schoolroom.Bus DriversPeoples who are stopped at visible radiations next to a coach driver during her afternoon conveyance of about 50 restless, hormonal and emotional in-between school pupils. Then you know there is a particular topographic point for them in Eden. Guidance counsellors are exposed to extreme daytime play, coach drivers are exposed to extreme wrestling passion. Somehow they have to safely transport a coach burden of clamouring cacophonious pupils while forestalling name naming, paper throwing and the occasional hassle. Fun. However, b ecause they are so separate from the day-to-day in school modus operandi, they are frequently seldom thought of and the least thanked. There should be a thank the coach driver twenty-four hours. One thought for in-between school instructors to allow coach drivers know they appreciate what they do is to learn the pupils grasp. Have a Bus driver grasp twenty-four hours. Language arts instructors encourage pupils write simple thank you notes, poems or do cards. Students in Life ( used to be Home Ec ) can bake cookies. You could set Bus Driver Appreciate Day in the school newssheet and have parents fall in in directing their kid. Imagine the coach driver traveling to a halt or two where kids surprise them with a little gift. Brightening the yearss of any support staff member at a in-between school brightens the ambiance of the school itself. Remember when sing the persons you work with and sometimes depend on that they excessively did non acquire into instruction for the for the estate they will be able to get with their paysheet. There is merely little pecuniary thanks for the colossal occupations each and every school employee does. It is hence of import for everyone ‘s moral to stay grateful to each other.Chapter 3 Making a Classroom Conducive to LearningYour schoolroom is your ain small learning metropolis and every bit long as you are in conformity with the territory, you will make up one's mind how it is run. Taking the excess clip to make and form a comfy ambiance for you and your pupils will necessitate efficient record maintaining and cheerily set uping and planing your milieus. This chapter will assist you happen the stuffs you need to successfully finish this mission, give