Essay about Juveniles Must Accept Responsibility - 2061 Words

Juveniles Must Accept Responsibility Are juveniles as under control today as they were in the past? Crime plays a major role in today’s society. The government follows the policy and has always followed the policy that no crime goes unpunished. The controversy that surrounds the United States courtrooms today is whether or not a minor needs to stand trial as an adult for committing a serious offense. These decisions made by the judge or jury in the preliminary hearing affect the rest of the suspects life. The opposing argument to the issue of juveniles being tried as adults remains that the minor is too young and immature to understand the consequences of what he or she did wrong. Juveniles need to be punished according to the†¦show more content†¦Juvenile crime has mushroomed into an enormous dilemma for the legal system. The juvenile court system needs to devote more time to backing up what the judicial system stands for. â€Å"The courts allow the majority of juveniles off of the hook for committing crimes instead of arraigning them as adults like they should† (Stapleton 117). Due to the overflow of cases in lower circuit courts, the courts cannot handle the cases with the diligence necessary (Snyder 3). Moreover, a boom in juvenile crime poses a threat to the way that the judicial system conducts itself. Crimes that need to transfer to adult criminal courts are instead dealt with in the misdemeanor court (Snyder 3). Howard Snyder, Director of the National Juvenile Court Data Archive, in his report, demands that the courts must not continue letting minors leave the courtroom with minimal sentences for dangerous crimes. Most importantly, juvenile crime forces the courts to neglect time from the adult criminal courts. Juvenile crime has done nothing but increase in the past, and because of the increase in crime by minors courts have been forced to place less emphasis on lower criminal cases (McPolin 26). Increasing crime amongst minors will be the primary cause for the â₠¬Å"downfall of the American judicial system† (Stapleton 119). The statistics pertaining to the crimes that juveniles committed in the past proves that a statement must be made by trying more serious juvenileShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Charging Juveniles Of Adults1689 Words   |  7 Pagescan we possibly try a juvenile as an adult when juveniles are proven to have diminished impulse control? This paper will discuss the history of charging juveniles of adults, discuss the issues that make this practice wrong while negating opposing arguments, and explain the various consequences that come with charging juvenile offenders as adults. When the United States was first established as an independent country, there was no such thing as â€Å"family court† or even the juvenile justice system. ThereforeRead MoreAmerica s Juvenile Justice System Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s juvenile justice system has been around for ages and has had problems since its creation. The courts have failed to devise a way to help juveniles and keep them from even entering the justice system. More often than not, juveniles are forgotten and never dealt with until they reach the point where they are either going to be placed within the system or receive some sort of diversion or alternative. This is where the problem exists. There needs to be more communication between the differentRead MoreCRJ 180 WEEK SEVEN Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ COMBATING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY GINA BUFFALOE CRJ 180/STRAYER UNIVERSITY DR. CLINTON MILLER 8/17/2014    COMBATING JUVENILE DELIQUENCY HILSBOROUGH COUNTY, FLORIDA Hillsborough County in the state of Florida initiated a program called the Juvenile Arrest Avoidance Program or JAAP in August of 2010. The the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI) was also implemented to provide at-risk youths the greatest opportunity to mature into responsible, law-abiding adultsRead MoreThe Practical Application of the Age of Criminal Responsibilities1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe Practical Application of the Age of Criminal Responsibilities It is crucial to understand the purpose and the consequences of having the minimum age of criminal responsibilities set at a young age. There have been many studies completed that give appreciation to the rights of children and give an understanding of their specific capabilities. Being informed about children’s culpability, their competence to participate in the criminal justice system (CJS) and the consequences of criminalisingRead MoreDue Process And Juveniles Rights1305 Words   |  6 PagesLindsey Angell Juvenile Delinquency Dr. Olson 2 October 2015 Chapter 7: Due Process and Juveniles’ Rights The U.S. Supreme Court on Juvenile Justice During the first sixty years of its existence, the practices and policies of the juvenile court went unchallenged. The original goal of the juvenile courts was to focus more on treatment instead of punishment. Kent v. United States (1966) In 1961, 16-year-old Morris Kent was charged with rape and robbery when he was on probation. Kent was sentencedRead MoreNo Matter How Loud I Shout1543 Words   |  7 PagesThe book, No Matter How Loud I Shout, takes an in-depth look at the juvenile court system in the state of California in the 1990s. Through a colorful narrative story the author, Edward Humes, paints of vivid picture of the how dysfunctional the system truly was. The main focus is on the various ways the system has failed many of the juveniles that it is intended to help. Peggy Beckstrand, the Deputy District Attorney, says it best â€Å"The first thing you learn about this place, is that nothing worksRead MoreSammy and the Setting in John Updikes AP Essay672 Words   |  3 Pagescheckerboard floor represents a game of checkers, a simple one-directional game that closely models Sammys life. Although Sammy is nineteen years old, he is still living the life of a child. He is living in the safety of the community and has very few responsibilities or decisions to make; his mother even irons his shirt for him. Sammy also identifies with his co-worker Stokesie, the responsible married man, and therefore wishes to someday be the manager of the store, like Lengel. He continues to live anRead MoreChoosing A Juvenile Probation Officer2033 Words   |  9 Pagesbecome a Juvenile probation officer. Juvenile probation officers work with youths that have been placed on probation and or have been court order to attend an alternative consequence school to continue their education. Most juvenile probation officers work with youths at a particular stage of their probation process, for an example supervision or investigation. This paper will cover information on the juvenile justice system and my career choice by touching bases with my interviewee a Juvenile ProbationRead MoreShould Children Be Charged With Their Crimes1648 Words   |  7 Pagesprioritise helping and rehabil itating the accused, not just punishing them (Bowen, 1994, p117). From studies completed i.e. studies completed in 2013, found that juveniles are three times more likely to commit an offence from around the ages of 15 to 19 years old. Even though this may be an outstanding factor, it can also be noted that juveniles tend to ‘grow out’ of criminal acts as they mature in age, and that their crimes are usually less serious (Healey, 2013, p5). Currently, in Queensland, the legalRead More Role of Non-violence in Reducing Juvenile Gangs and Crime Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagesprovoked them and they were not defending themselves.   They acted out of pure selfishness.   Sadly this scenario has become all too familiar over the last few years.   In the past two decades violent crime among juveniles ages 14-17 has increased tremendously.   Between 1983 and 1992 juvenile arrests increased 117% (U.S. Department of Justice, 12).   This suggests an increase in the growing involvement of young people in violent crimes.  Ã‚   To relieve t his problem nationally and globally, we need to adapt

Sunrise Is A City Of Sunrise - 1517 Words

Sunrise, Florida is a delightful city with a comical beginning. In 1961, developer Norman Johnson constructed an upside-down house to attract homebuyers to the then rural area. It worked, bringing in thousands, and earning him a Life Magazine spread. His 2,650-acre golf course community became the City of Sunrise in 1971. Today, Sunrise is a lot more than an architectural oddity. It s home to premier shopping and entertainment venues and the BBT Center, where the Florida Panthers play. Best Time to Visit Sunrise, FL Sunrise enjoys a tropical climate. While there isn t an off-time for visiting Florida, there are some times of the year that are less expensive and slightly less crowded than others. On the Atlantic side of Florida, you ll see the deepest discounts during hurricane season, which runs from June first through November 30th. The summer is steamy with temps averaging in the low 90s. Humidity is often between 80 and 90 percent, and localized showers in the late afternoons are fairly common in June and July. But the storms quickly pass and the sun returns. While temps don t begin to drop out of the 90s until October, a visit in September can be ideal. Students are back in school and the snow birds have not yet descended on Florida. The crowds are minimal, the pools and ocean are warm, and hotels offer discounts to attract visitors. The average hotel rate for a three-star hotel in Sunrise is around $100 a night before taxes. December through March is peak time,Show MoreRelatedAnalyzing Sunrise And Sunset Data1111 Words   |  5 PagesDay 1 – Lesson Title Grade Duration Eureka Alignment Sunrise, Sunset 9 - 11 Lesson 1 of 2 EngageNY Module 2, Lesson 13 Objective By the end of the lesson, student will be able to organize, graph and analyze sunrise/sunset data for three (3) selected cities in the northern hemisphere to use as input to sinusoidal modeling. While acquiring this new skill students will practice summarization and their note-taking and skills. Learning Goal(s) Students will be able to model cyclical phenomena fromRead MoreThe Starry Night Over The Rhone901 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent famous landscape projects. Considered to be one of Monet’s best-known works, Impression, Sunrise illustrates a calm early morning in the Port of Le Havre in France. Starry Night Over the Rhone and Impression, Sunrise are both similar paintings because they both focus on a docked river setting, however they differ in color and texture. Comparatively, Starry Night Over the Rhone and Impression, Sunrise both focus on a docked river setting. Starry Night Over the Rhone depicts a couple taking a midnightRead MoreFilm Analysis : Sunrise 1527 Words   |  7 Pagesnarration of the images shown on screen, accompanied by a piano, to the complex score later composed specifically for that film. An example of that complex score is shown in Sunrise, a film by F.W. Murnau, which lies at the border between silent cinema and sound cinema. Considered to be one of the first films with an actual score, Sunrise is a great example of the multitude of dimensions and effects sound can have. tumblr_m6iclhK9U91qcs276o1_500Certain aspects of sound are essential in creating the rightRead More Comparing William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blakes London1181 Words   |  5 PagesBridge gives a step-by-step look at the awe-inspiring beauty of a London sunrise, whereas William Blakes London shows the dreary ugliness of London life by taking a stroll down Londons streets. Composed Upon Westminster Bridge affects the reader with a sense of wonderment at the beauty that is created with a sunrise. London appears to be the most beautiful place on earth during a sunrise. The sun bathes the city in light and gives the reader a sense of purity and cleanliness. LondonRead MoreEssay on The Options Fairview Has to Offer1009 Words   |  5 Pagesand the popular Charleson Park has a view of downtown. It contains the Burrard Bridge, the Cambie Bridge, and the Granville Bridge; which is why many of the major roads pass through it. The neighbourhood contains two Canada Line stations, Broadway - City Hall and Olympic Village. Fairview has diverse housing options, but the most common options are condominiums and apartments. Most of these buildings only go up to three-stories high because of the pre-1970s zoning (Lynch). The average household incomeRead MoreSunrise: a Song of Two Humans and The Notebook809 Words   |  3 PagesHence, in this essay I choose two films, ‘Sunrise: a Song of Two Humans’ and ‘The Notebook,’ which coming from different eras of Hollywood and functioning as vernacular modernism, for the analysis on their representation of modernity, based on Ben Singer’s work on features of modernity, focusing on the change in family, marriage, and love, the shift to the consumer culture, and the rise of mass mobility. The beautiful silent film released in 1927, ‘Sunrise: a Song of Two Humans,’ is directed by theRead MoreBefore Sunrise and Before Sunset1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe films Before Sunrise and Before Sunset are said to represent the so-called slacker genre. Slackers are individuals in society who have no direction and no reasonable expectation or realistic goals in life. This term is mainly used with Generation X’ers (people born between 1961 and 1981) (Casto, â€Å"What’s A Slacker Movie?†). Slacker movies are films that deal with the ordinary day-to-day life of these people. In Before Sunrise and Before Sunset the characters sense of wandering and the feel ofRead MoreA Group Of French Artists In Paris, Of Which Included Claude1641 Words   |  7 PagesMorisot also put more emphasis on painting women, as shown in Summer’s Day. Both artists were born in well-to-do families so they, and their impressionist counterparts, focused on depicting u pper class living in most of their paintings. Impression: Sunrise by Claude Monet and Summers Day by Berthe Morisot, share impressionist similarities in color and composition while differing in subject matter and technique. Claude Monet sparked the beginning of the Impressionist movement and began to paint â€Å"enRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Sebastian 1652 Words   |  7 Pageshugged closely to his torso to keep warm against the tranquil, autumn breeze. A glimpse of morning sun was seen peeking through the split between two grey, miserable clouds, signalling the start of a new day. Sprawled out before him were a vast array of city skyscrapers and the first signs of the morning rush hour, with cars already starting to queue up on the recently paved roads. Contrasting to this were the monochrome residential suburbs behind him, where a crowd of houses were arranged on worn-downRead More Wordsworth’s Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802511 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Dull would he be of soul who could not pass by A sight so touching in its majesty; This City†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The word â€Å"majesty† portrays â€Å"This City† as anointed by God to represent his kingdom o n Earth. Dead in spirit would one be if he of she was not moved or appreciated its beauty. Wordsworth also uses the word â€Å"temple† a few lines down. He could have written church. The word â€Å"temple† was used to enhance the belief that the city was chosen by God. A church represents Christianity, which was founded upon the death

Male Dominance free essay sample

We live in a mans world. Male dominated and controlled societies. It could be that it has been a cultural tradition, the man was given a more powerful and influential role in the community than women and it takes a long time for traditions to wear down. Or it could be the question of gender bias, the belief that man is stronger and wiser, thus the obvious choice for a leader. In â€Å"Girls at War† by Chinua Achebe and â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head, the destructive nature of a patriarchal society is explored through the narrative voice and the use of irony. In â€Å"Girls at War†, Achebe uses a third-person and heterodiegetic narrator. Yet, the voice is from a male perspective. The narrative focuses on the character Reginald Nwankwo and his thoughts and actions. This perspective doesnt directly tell about the harm of male dominance, instead it is up to the reader to interpret the text and notice the downfalls. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Dominance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reginald Nwankwo compares female involvement in the war to children pretending to be soldiers. â€Å"He didnt doubt that the girls and women took themselves seriously, they obviously did. But so did the little kids who marched up and down the streets at the time drilling with sticks and wearing their mothers soup bowls for steel helmets. † (2-3). The women in this story are criticized by the men for being simple and for being what men have made them into, for their own pleasure. Nwankwo clearly shows his ambivalence in this area when he muses that, â€Å"He might just as well slept with a prostitute It was clear as daylight to him now that she was kept by some army officer. What a terrible transformation † (9). He reflects on the problem without the realizing his part in it. The issues with patriarchy are clearly discussed in Bessie Heads, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures†. This short story is also from a third-person, heterodiegetic perspective, but the narrative voice is female and directly confronts the problem. The character, Dikeledi, voices her opinion about the kind of male that runs rampant in their society. One that, â€Å"created such misery and chaos that he could be broadly damned as evil† (162). Dikeledis husband Garesego Mokopi is a perfect example an abuse of power and control. He doesnt care for his wife but cant handle the thought, â€Å"that another man had a stake in his hen-pen† (169), when he learns that Dikeledis neighbour, Paul, has been trading household goods for her services, only believing that Paul would only do so, â€Å"for women they fuck† (169). These stories are both examples of how a male dominated relationship or society disregards the needs of the women. Irony is used profusely in both, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head and â€Å"Girls at War† by Chinua Achebe, to reveal the issues that arise in a male dominated society. In â€Å"Girls at War†, it is ironic that Nwankwo is the one to survive at the end while Gladys is killed. Being a leader Nwankwo only tried to protect himself, while Gladys heroically tried to save the child soldier. There is an abundance of irony in the fact that Nwankwo openly criticizes girls and their shopping for, â€Å"shoes, wigs, pants, bras, cosmetics and what have you †(7), yet it is exactly what he expects women to do. He wants Gladys to become, â€Å"the girl in khaki jeans that searched him at the checkpoint..  Ã¢â‚¬  (7), but when he sees her made up in a, â€Å"high-tinted wig and a very expensive skirt and a low-cut blouse. † (4), he calls her a, â€Å"beauty queen† (4). The situational irony in, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures†, is clearly shown through how Dikeledi, â€Å"found gold amidst the ash† (161) and freedom in prison but when she was legally free she felt bound by her husband, Garesego. In prison, she is no longer a slave to men, instead, â€Å"male prisoners handed each woman a plate of porridge and a mug of black tea  Ã¢â‚¬  (159), getting served by men. In conclusion, the dangers of male dominance are clearly illustrated in Bessie Heads, â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† and Chinua Achebes, â€Å"Girls at War†, through the use of the narrative voice and irony. Both texts display the dissatisfaction of both men and women in a patriarchal society and the breakdown of relationship it brings with it. The struggle for equality, love and purpose is clearly shown through the women in the stories, while the men are shown as selfish and shallow in their dominance.

Muslim girl Essay Example For Students

Muslim girl Essay To think about it, the dog from the exhibition is associated with terms like ‘helpless’, or even ‘tortured’ that evokes our protective instincts just like how we felt towards children. The homeless dog, on the other hand, gives us the impression of a ‘filthy’ and ‘lazy’ animal, thus unworthy of our pity. The dog is still a dog. However, as our emotions changes, the dog itself also appears as changed. No doubt, the way we perceive similar situations is heavily dependent on our unconscious emotions. Having said so, to what extent do we see and understand the same reality? After all, we do not see and understand everything the way as we are. This, eventually, comes down to the role of community. A community is commonly referred to as a group of people sharing common interests or beliefs. Understanding of the world is therefore united conceptually within a community since it is based on the same guiding. Cultural beliefs, for example, are part of the community. There was a case in 2003 whereby a Muslim girl was suspended from a school in Oklahoma for refusing to remove her head scarf, called a â€Å"hijab† as it would â€Å"violate the way she observes her religion†. While this practice is an obligatory condition among the Muslims, it is unacceptable in other community. In other words, people within the same community tend to ‘see’ and ‘understand’ the same things due to the way their minds are structured. Just like in all communities, scientists are able to â€Å"see† the same reality as major breakthrough in science is the result of collaboration and hard work of the scientific community. The main difference is that, scientific findings are openly shared within the scientific communities all across the world to ensure that their work does not exist alone. Generally, scientific theories are widely accepted by the society on an international basis. Though our conception of the world is a subjectivist’s point of view, it can be beneficial under certain circumstances. After all, don’t we have to come up with a prediction before we can prove? Scientists, for instance, work with subjective truth with the assumption of the existence of objective truth. This hypothesis in science is often followed by an experiment which either support or disprove his theory with the data obtained. This objective truth, however, is independent of the human mind. As opposed to the quotation, Plato claims that truth exists regardless of our ability to grasp it. After all, it is only fair to say that the apple in front of me does not magically disappear when I am not aware of it. In the allegory of the cave, Plato asserts that what we perceive are merely the shadows of reality and that forms, which cannot be known through our sense perception, make up the objective truth. However, it seems as though it is a second nature for us to trust our perception, for what else is left to trust? While science aims to be empirically adequate, it does not necessary give us the objective truth. Therefore, just as the evolution of mankind, science never settle on a single truth. In fact, older theories are often replaced by the news ones. After all, there is no need for the search if the objective truth does not exist. There is no doubt that perception plays an important role in our understanding of the world. On its own, perception might be an ideal way in search for the objective truth. However, it is hard to isolate perception as an independent way of knowing as it is interconnected with reasoning, emotions and cultural beliefs. Thus, we cannot rely solely on perception. .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .postImageUrl , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:hover , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:visited , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:active { border:0!important; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:active , .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579 .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6418981ba266ed3cb5530e67c0fab579:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pincher Martin a struggle for survival EssayInstead, we should use perception to collect observations and combine it to give us a common understanding of the world like we did in the sciences. ________________ List of references: Alchin, N. (2006). Theory of Knowledge. (2nd edition). London: Hodder Murray. CNN, Muslim girl suspended for head scarf. October 11, 2003. Available from: http://edition. cnn. com/2003/EDUCATION/10/11/scarf. reut/index. html Cambridge Dictionaries online – Cambridge University Press. Available from: http://dictionary. cambridge. org/define. asp? key=15490dict=CALD Objectivity in Philosophy. 2009. Available from: http://www. amerindianarts. us/articles/objectivity_in_philosophy. shtml Idealism – Kant’s transcended idealism. 2009. Available from: http://science. jrank. org/pages/9735/Idealism-Kant-s-Transcendental-Idealism. html Wikipedia, Guillermo Vargas. 2009. Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Guillermo_Vargas ________________ Idealism – Kant’s transcended idealism. 2009. Available from: http://science. jrank. org/pages/9735/Idealism-Kant-s-Transcendental-Idealism. html Alchin, N. (2006). Theory of Knowledge. (2nd edition). London: Hodder Murray. Wikipedia, Guillermo Vargas. 2009. Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Guillermo_Vargas CNN, Muslim girl suspended for head scarf. October 11, 2003. Available from: http://edition. cnn. com/2003/EDUCATION/10/11/scarf. reut/index. html Alchin, N. (2006). Theory of Knowledge. (2nd edition). London: Hodder Murray.

Can Animals Create A Culture Essays - Monkey, Animal Culture

Can Animals Create A Culture yvonne Can Animals Create a Culture? Many animals, such as a group of monkeys in Japan, were observed and proved that a development of animal culture is indeed possible. Culture, unlike instinctive behavior, is usually learned or taught. The unusual behavior that was specifically observed was a group of monkeys who developed a strange habit of washing their food before eating them. When a group of scientists observed them, they realized that it all began in 1952. One young female found potatoes on the beach and washed it before eating. Then, she demonstrated this technique to all her babies and friends. After 10 years, every monkey in the troop had picked up this habit also. This an example of a developed culture within a group of monkeys. Science Essays

Ancient Philosophical Orientations essays

Ancient Philosophical Orientations essays Considering the events that occurred in the United States recently, the mathematical and humanistic orientation should be used to advise the U.S. citizens and help them deal with their problems. The mathematical orientation attempted to move from the material level to a general principle for all life. Pythagoras formulated this orientation. He stated that we know the world through our......................... Hippocrates was also a mathematician. He claimed that unity of numbers is the basis of life. The people in the U.S. could use this orientation. Firstly, it is stated that the world is distorted and artificial, this can be clearly seen in what occurred on the 11th of September. The distortions of this world are easily noticed and humans can sense them through our sense impressions. Through our senses we know the world. Secondly, it states that a more permanent reality exists in underlying relationships. The U.S. citizens should create those kinds of relationships to make themselves stronger and use their reasoning to get through this terrible situation. They can also follow Hippocrates, who states that the unity in numbers is the basis of life. If the U.S. people could stick together they would be able to deal with their problems together, which will make their problems easier to deal with. Americans should start believing that there is power in unity. Under the mathematical orientation it is also stated that humans beings should focus on perfection in their lives. They should try to live perfect lives. Perfection can only be developed by the perceptions that we create of the world. If we want to live perfect lives we can rise above the destruction and distortions in the world and become perfect ourselves. Therefore, Americans should rise above all the destruction that terrorists are creating in their lives, and try to get back on track and adjust to their lives as it is now. ...

SWOT Analysis Is Deeply Flawed and Should Not Be Applied as a Modern Essay

SWOT Analysis Is Deeply Flawed and Should Not Be Applied as a Modern Marketing Tool - Essay Example This analysis is mainly used in strategic management where that organization aimed at having a competitive advantage from its competitors and it is continuously reviewed. SWOT analysis has been upheld by many organizations, its benefits explored and also its weakness criticized (Evans, and Wright, 2009, p. 10). It is in this bid that this paper will be committed to discussing the thesis statement: SWOT analysis is deeply flawed and should not be applied as a modern marketing tool. Figure 1 The Inherent Weaknesses of SWOT Analysis To begin with, SWOT analysis is flawed as a marketing tool since it does not provide with all the information that is required by managers for strategic planning. From the face value, SWOT analysis is perceived by many people as an easy process. This is since all that a business is expected to do is implement the four quadrant SWOT analysis in the business. This is where the business capitalizes on its opportunities and strengths while mitigating its weaknes ses and threats. However, this is not easy and critical information necessary for making marketing decisions is overlooked by the SWOT analysis. It is flawed since it does not separate this information from the pivotal information that the organization needs to embark on immediately and the peripheral information that can be addressed. This translates to misplaced priorities as the marketing team will be more focused in exploiting the opportunities yet there are some threats that if not dealt with immediately will translate to massive losses. Moreover, as pertains to the SWOT analysis, it does not provide a guideline that shows which customer base is the most attractive, which strategy is the most powerful. Lack of guidelines as pertains to the results obtained from carrying out a SWOT analysis makes it flawed and hence should not be applied as a modern marketing tool (Valentin, 2001, p. 58). Subsequently, SWOT analysis is deeply flawed and should not be used as a marketing tool sin ce it is a checklist to evaluate the performance of the strengths and weaknesses identified upon carrying out a SWOT analysis. This is evidenced with an illustration of an example of a strength that has been identified by a business upon carrying out a SWOT analysis as a marketing tool. A business has identified its leadership in market share as strength for the benefit of the organization. On face value, this looks productive since positive correlations have been documented to exist between leadership in market share and the profitability of the organization. The business consequently surges forward to exploit the strength, without bearing in mind the minute details of leadership in market share leadership that may affect the performance of the business. The organization by relying on the SWOT analysis fails to assess if leadership in market share is relevant to the organization and if the investment made by the organization is feasible. Use of checklist in SWOT analysis makes it a flawed marketing tool due to lack of leverage of the decisions made and hence not a good modern marketing tool (Kotler, 2000, p. 78). Moreover, SWOT analysis is deeply flawed and should not be used as a marketing since it has been described as being vague and simplistic. This is evidenced

Describe three historical characters in european history since 1450, Essay

Describe three historical characters in european history since 1450, and explain a life lesson you learned from each - Essay Example In a vast majority of cases, parents become tense when their child does not perform good at school or in studies. Albert Einstein happens to be the lesson for such parents because he himself was one of such students as a child. Owing to his great contribution in the knowledge of Physics, Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 in Physics. Adolf Hitler (1889 – 1945) became a Ruler from a vagabond on account of his bravery. I adore Adolf Hitler for his boldness. Both of his parents had died when Hitler was a teenager and he was left in this world alone with his sister. Hitler did menial works to make both ends meet. In 1914, he voluntarily joined German Army and fought bravely in the First World War. Later, he joined politics and became world class ruler. Another thing that I particularly learned from Hitler was the power of effective speech. Hitler was a born painter. He knew the art of sketching as well as playing with words to gain the consent of audience. Not tha t I appreciate that he speaks of the power of lie, but I adore the way he plays with words to make the audience spell bound.

Free topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Free topic - Research Paper Example However, the power of mythology evolves from its capability to communicate the existing requirements for identity within a human society (Williams, 2-3). The cultural as well as religious identity related to Hinduism is considered as quite broad. In Hindu mythology, there are more than 330 million role models that are most likely to validate the person’s identity who have been framed in pace with the developing mankind since ancient times (Doyle, â€Å"Hindu Mythology†). Thesis Statement Two short stories have been considered in the discussion henceforth, i.e. the Story of Yayati and the Incarnation of Vishnu as a Fish with the sole intention to obtain a better knowledge regarding the linkage of cultural values, philosophies and beliefs perceived by Indians with Hindu mythology. Hence, the chief objective of the discussion will be to obtain a better in-sight to the rudiments of Hindu mythology. Rudiments of Hindu Mythology Being the ancient most religion, Hindu mytholog y presents a rich culture along with some distinct but highly valuable principles of human life which can bring integrity and prosperity within the mankind. As the inherent values, ethos and principles of human culture are practiced as a complex purpose, various stories have been described in Hindu mythology rendering a comprehensive understanding of morality and justness within human society. One of the rudiments of Hindu mythology depicts that women play a dominant role as Shakti possessing the power of creation as well as destruction (Goel, â€Å"The Sacred Feminine in Hinduism†). As demonstrated in Ramayana, Kaikeyi (the third wife of King Dasharath) and Manthara (Kaikeyi’s maid) played the fundamental roles to cause the exile of Rama from Ayodhya which certainly caused destruction at the primary view, but for a greater good, i.e. the death of Ravana. Again, in the Story of King Yayati, Devyani (the daughter of sage Shukracharya) was shown imposing a direct impact on the decision making of her father causing the curse of King Yayati (Joshi, â€Å"The Story from Mahabharata†). Another rudiment of Hindu mythology emphasizes on the aspect that there is one ‘Supreme Soul’, God who is the creator and destructor of the cosmos. He is one who preserves the mankind and also punishes them according to their deeds (Hindu Wisdom, â€Å"Symbolism in Hinduism†). This particular belief can be observed apparently with reference to the story of Matsaya Avatar by Lord Vishnu. Matsya Avatar by Lord Vishnu is thought to have taken place in Satya Yuga when the Lord destroyed the life on earth due to the unsystematic and unjust practices of human kind (Purucker, â€Å"Section 4: Galaxies and Solar Systems: their Genesis, Structure, and Destiny†). It can be stated that the ‘Law of Karma’ is basic principles of Hinduism. Karma tends to generate its fruits in the form of pain as well as pleasure. It can be observed from the story of Yayati that King Yayati had been cursed by Shukracharya because of King’s own Karma or deeds to have a secret relationship with Sharmishtha. Furthermore, the ‘Law of Karma’ has also been reflected in the story of Matsaya Avatar where the demon, Hayagriva was defeated by Lord Vishnu owing to his deed of stealing the precious Vedas and hampering the creation of life on earth (Sivananda, â€Å"Hinduism†). The Matsya or Fish Avatara According to the Satapatha Brahmana, a Hindu sacred text

Product Life Cycle Management In Marketing

Product Life Cycle Management In Marketing INTRODUCTION Like humans, products undergo life-cycle. Similarly Product life cycle goes through different phases, which involves many procedures, and needs more skills, tools and processes. Product life cycle involves launch of product in the market with consideration of cost and sales. Product Life Cycle undergoes Four stages. A products will have a limited life in the market, A product will come across different stages. In each and every stage it will across various different challenges, problems, and opportunities to the Seller, Their will be fluctuation of profit and loss of a product, Any products needs manufacturing , financial, marketing, purchasing and human resource in every stage. Every product will have its own life cycle. This life cycle starts from the launch of the product in to the market to its final withdrawal. At this period various changes will occur in the behavior of the product in the market. Major goal of any company is to increase the profits of the product in the market, now managing of product life cycle is very important. Different companies follow different plans like basic, strategic etc. It is very important to any company to understand the product life cycle to realize when to launch and when to withdraw and when to increase the sales. Product Life Cycle Management(Marketing) Product life cycle management deals with strategies used y the business management of a product which goes through its life cycle. It deals with the how product is sold and how it is advertising and how the product is reaching to saturation point. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MODEL : The PLC model consists of 5 Phases. This phases is applicable to all the products. Each phase has sub stages based on the market demands. They are: 1. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PHASE This stage begins with development of new product idea. This stage involves combining of new ideas and finally bringing a new idea. In this stage, every product will go different stages of tests before going in front of final costumer via test marketing. The product which survives in the test market will be introduces in real market. In this stage company cannot expect any sale. 2. INTRODUCTION PHASE This phase includes the launch of product with its extra requirements; this will create grater impact at he time of sale. In this stage, most of the companys expenditure are done on promotions and advertising. Companies must be strong enough to spent more money to receive less profits. It is very important to maintain the product in market irrespective of the challenges. Company should follow different strategies to maintain the product in the market and to compete. Customer will give his views on the product, he will describe how product will sustain the market or not. In this way companies will know about the products before introducing in the market. 3. GROWTH PHASE In this phase company will se the growth and leading their product in the market. This is the exact time to increase the share of the company. Company must show the maximum variety of product it have and it should discriminate itself from the competitors. By Frequent modification of product will discourage the competitors. Promotions and advertisements should continue but not as introduction stage. 4. MATURITY PHASE In this period market becomes saturated with discriminations of basic products. At this stage company enjoys more profits. At this stage pricing and offers are provided to maintain the product value, competition and to improve product life. 5. DECLINE PHASE This stage is arrived when company is planning to withdraw the product from the market. This stage includes lots of issues. Some companies will rise the product cost such that it may give chance to either increase the product value or it may help to stop the production. INTRODUCTION TO ICC CRICKET WORLD CUP 2007. Mega-events such as ICC Cricket World Cup are a unique form of tourist attraction defined as large and internationally known event.. Events are usually viewed as a major economic tourist asset for the host area that also brings new infrastructure and facilities. All the Countries around the world have always saw the impacts and legacies of Mega events like World Cup Cricket as a major events for economic development and international recognition.ICC is organizing Cricket World Cup founded in 1975 and it is conducted for every four years. After a lot of procedures and site selection process, it was decided that the ninth venue of the tournament will be played in the West Indies in 2007.West Indies had won first two world cups in 1975 and 1979. The ICC(International Cricket Council) has conducted a Cricket World Cup tournament for mens cricket every 4 years since 1975. The competition has been changed gradually since, and the ICC agreed to make the event quadrennial in 1979. The first three tournaments was conducted in England, and sponsorship help was done by a insurance company, and was known as the Prudential Cup. Some other sponsors are Reliance, Benson and Hedges, and Wills. This Companys had their names attached to the event till 1999, when it became the ICC World Cup. The involvement of number of teams is periodically increased from 8 to 9 then 12 to 14 in 2003, and at last, totally 16 teams where involved in the ninth competition in 2007. The first tournament was for 2 weeks and 15 matches where conducted. In 2003 tournament, matches was co-hosted by South Africa, Kenya, and Zimbabwe, and their where 54 matches played in 44 days. It included 2 hours opening ceremony. In 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup the contribution of local organizers and corporate subsidiary of the West Indies Cricket Board named the Windies [West Indies] World Cup 2007, it also produced beautiful and mind blowing opening and closing ceremonies. Out of the 16 teams at the ICC CWC 2007 tournament the 10 first class teamsand remaining 6 teams are One Day International Cricket Qualified. The ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 tournament is the ninth time of the tournament and took place in the West Indies. This tournament was from 13 March to 28 April 2007.This tournament used Cricket One Day International format. These competitions involved 51 matches in 47 days and these games were played in St. Kitts, Jamaica, Trinidad Tobago, Barbados, Guyana, Grenada, and St. Lucia, Antigua. Sixteen nations will participate in this event. To host this event the Caribbean countries had built tourist facilities, seaports, airports, accommodation and other infrastructure. All around of 12 stadium facilities have been developed in the nine countries for successful conduction of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2007tournament. This tournament had 16 qualified cricket teams. This is the biggest number of teams involved in the history of the World Cup. Teams involved in this tournament are India, West Indies, New Zealand, South Africa, England, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka and Australia, these nations had determined as ICC Test Championships. The total number of visitors attended for tournament is expected to be 672,000 and 13,176 per match in over all 51 matches. This 16 teams had divided into four groups and tour teams in each group. The top two teams of each group was advanced to the quarter finals on knock out based results . Four teams from this group of eight had then moved on to the semi finals.. The opening ceremony was in Jamaica. The final match was played in Barbados. Phases of product lifecycle and corresponding technologies Phase 1: Conceive Imagine, specify, plan, innovate I would like to discuss on ICC Cricket World Cup 2007. It is a Mega event which had got an world reorganization. This is a event which included Cricket Matches, Opening ceremony includes the vibrant lifestyle and heritage of the different regions of people had unfolded the stage celebrations to welcome the world to the Mega Event starting with a medley of calypso, mento, reggae, ska, soca, dancehall, and other musical genres. The three-hour performances at Trelawney Stadium in Jamaica had included stilt walkers, the different dance sequences, a mass choir and fire crackers show. There was a drum score by a performance troop from South Africa, which connected the link between the previous ICC Cricket World Cup and this year Mega-Event. Festival, which was celebrated every year in several regional nations, was a main theme of the evenings performances and wide range of scenes have saw characters such as revellers, a shaggy bear and plantation girls playing maze had encouraged every one and created a lot of entertainment. Planning includes lot of stages to organize an world recognized events like Cricket world cup. Primarily we need to appoint the people who have very good experience in the respective fields like Executive officer, Security officer, Competitions officer, Marketing officer, Commercial officer, Communications officer, Operations officer, Transport and Logistics officer, IT officer, Financial officers. After recruiting these designated peoples we have to set the targets to be finished with in dead lines. We have to prepare a perfect plan how to implement the Event keeping in mind of long time impacts and legacies. Now we need to rise the finance by government or from the sponsors. It is important to develop the local infrastructure and local community by giving various opportunities, medication, Education, Employment and need to involve local people in planning also. Now it is very important to track each and every field, whether each and every work is going properly in a synchronized form. Primarily it is very important to develop Infrastructure like building new stadiums or repairing the existing Stadiums. It is very important to concern about each and every aspects like Capacity of the stadium, Quality of the stadium, Security for the spectators, building roads and hotels for accommodation. It is very important to care about the local people while building the roads and hotels, such that local people should not be disturbed because of any of our activity. Need to take care of accommodation for both VIPs and general peoples. Opening ceremony should be planed such that no accidents should be happened. Safety measures should be taken if any emergency. We can make event innovative by implementing the concept of Environment sustainability. Recycling the products, reducing the waste by the slogan lets carry our own garage. We can produce the car-boards by recycling the waste papers. Polluting vehicle should not be allowed till certain range of event. Waste water can be recycled and it can be used for plantation. For emergency mobility we can use electric vehicles. Phase 2: Design Describe, define, develop, test, analyze and validate In a Event like Cricket World Cup, we have to mainly concentrate on assigning targets and need to establish the co-ordination between superiors and working staff. Here we are not going to use any Softwares to design the event. It is entirely ideology. Her design is concerned about establishment of links for successful hosting of events. Mostly head of any event is the respective Government. It will hire the Event managers to develop their Ideas. Government will give the targets to event managers, and fund will be released accordingly. A event manager have to make sure the works are going well by his personal staff or ant temporary outsourcing staff. Governing body will have Chief Executive officer, Chief Security officer, Chief Competitions officer, Chief Marketing officer, Chief Commercial officer, Chief Communications officer, Chief Operations officer, Chief Transport and Logistics officer, Chief IT officer, Chief Financial officers. Let us consider a particular field like Chief Transport and Logistics officer. Officer is the head of this section. He is responsible of all transportation of raw materials and he is concerned out making transportation arrangements for visitors and for players etc. He have to contact different countries representatives to arrange the accommodation, food, security and etc for the players and officials of that nation. First event manager have to have to take the count of the people coming from individual nations. He have to take the preferences of the type accommodation and the food they needed and the places they want to visit and etc. By taking consideration of al the preferences event manager have to arrange the accommodation and he have to engage the vehicles for them, he have to arrange the a well skilled person who know a out the local environment. Event manager have to arrange the security for the visitors and make sure there are no negative issues. Event manager have to make th e arrangement for the food they needed and book the places where the players and officials want to visit. Chief Financial officer have to release the fund required. Officer has to analyze the requirements needed. He have to collect the needs required to each and every individual field. Officer has to arrange the requirements needed. Chief IT officer have to take care of the website design and have to prepare an interface to communicate with in the staff and for queries from visitors. He is responsible for maintaining the electronic media. He have to take care of publicity of an event through websites, social networking sites and etc. He have to create an LAN(Local Area Network ) and have to establish the connection between the computers which are used for event purpose. He have to take care of security of the data such that unauthorized persons should not access. Separate User name and Password should be give to each and every staff working for the event and data access control should e provided based on the designation of an employee. Therefore each and every individual department works on their respective targets assigned by the Government for success of the event. Phase 3: Realize Manufacture, make, build, procure, produce, sell and deliver The main aim of organizing event is all about generating revenue. In Events industry is not much related to Realize Phase. This phase is all about the physical out put of the event. In this phase we can see the results of the efforts kept in planning stage. Lets discuss about the results of the event. Starting from the first day we had the grand 3 hrs opening ceremony. It included medley of calypso, mento, reggae, ska, soca, dancehall, and other musical genres. The three-hour performances at Trelawney Stadium in Jamaica had included stilt walkers, the different dance sequences, a mass choir and fire crackers show. Most important aspect of opening ceremony was Fire cracker show. That was very colorful and it gave a greater entertainment and joy for the people. It gave a warm welcome to the spectators. Next comes about the tournament, here we can see a wide range of out comes of the planning. We can see the luxurious accommodation for the players and the officials of the different coun tries. We can see the new built roads, buildings, stadiums, hotels and lots more. We can see a new environment which is new to most of them. This all credit goes to government and the innovative event managers. We can see people enjoying while matches, and visitors and different places. We can see the media coverage about the event, we can see every media channel talking about the event. This phase is not related to selling the product. We can generate revenue in events by selling Tickets, Media rights, Generating sponsorships from the corporate companies those who wants to use event as a place to publicize their products and accessories can sold which have events logo on it. Money can be generated by selling general products which are used at the time of match. Revenue from Tusk shop like T-shirt sale, selling refreshments, selling tickets and etc. Improved media advertising offers can generate more revenue from media channels. We should give rights to only one media channel to telecast the matches. This idea will generate more revenue because of single channel in a country. Offers on the ticket will increase the profits than individual. We can also plan a travel package which includes the match tickets, lodging and some of the tourist spots. Internal and external advertisement will also generate money and we can use online booking system where we can commission on the sale of the tickets. In events industry we can not expect any Test. This industry is all about the real time out put. It is all about implement the plan which would help for the success of the event. All we can do is, to organize the event as perfect as possible. We can take feed back from the visitors which would help to improve for next events. Phase 4: Service Use, operate, maintain, support, sustain, phase-out, retire, recycle and disposal Services in Events management includes operate, maintain, support, and recycle. It is very important to operate an event with the help of government, event managers and working staff. Event mangers responsibility is to balance the relations. Co-ordination between government, event mangers and working staff is important. In case of any miss understanding will leads to incardination. Maintaining of coordination leads to success of event. Maintaining the quality of the event is also very important. It is the responsibility of the event managers to control the supply of the requirements and he should have entire details of the event. Event manager should be super active at the venue and he should keep much more efforts than ever to maintain the quality of the event. Event manager should take care that non of his staff members should not be distracted by any issues at the time of event. Maintaining of security is also very important. Recycling the garbage is very important. We can encourage this recycling by providing a plastic cover in which every one have to carry their own paper waste, this will help to reduce the efforts of the labor and it would become an encouragement program to bring awareness to recycle the waste CONCLUSSION. Product life cycle is also very important to any event. In events management steps involved to relate product life cycle concepts are planning an event, raising the funds, advertising, implementation, maintaining, and withdrawing. To my knowledge, every step of product life cycle concepts may not applicable to events but some concepts of product life cycle are base to organize any event. A successful event can be organized only when we come across some stages of product life cycle concept.

Young Adults in Macomb County :: Friendships Relationships Essays

Young Adults in Macomb County I've only known a lot of the people I hang out with for about two years. I've kept a few of the old ones that I've known since I was little but now my friends are always changing. That's what happens when you get older, people change and move on. Hopefully I'll hang on to the ones I have now better than I have in the past and make some new ones along the way. It's really weird how everything started. I didn't go to school with the people I hang out with. My best friend Jacki and I decided to go miniature golfing one day and it all began. There were six really slow guys in front of us, we didnà ­t want to talk to them but they were going really slow so we just asked them to hurry up. As we started talking we found out that they knew a kid named Ryan that Jacki worked with. Through Ryan we ended up seeing them again. Eventually we started hanging out with the rest of their friends and everyone became a regular part of my life. I'm standing outside, making sure to ring the top doorbell, the one to Chris' basement. After ten minutes I'm about to leave but Nick comes strolling up to the door just as I turn around. Nick doesn't live there even though it seems like he does because he never leaves. We both walk down into the basement. It smells like his dog. The lights are off and the only thing that keeps me from bumping into the furniture is the glow from the television. The usual people are there, Chris is sitting on the couch next to Tengler, Jeremy is sleeping on his bed and Nick is playing Mario Golf on Nintendo 64. I walk to the big green couch that I always sit on, it smells like dog food. After five minutes of no one saying anything the doorbell rings. Since no one seems to be making any effort to move toward the stairs I decide to answer the door. It's Stephanie and Christina. Trevor and DeMatteis are pulling up in the driveway right behind them. We all walk into the basement. Everyone wa nts something to do.

Assignment 205 Task A Letter

Assignment 205 Introduction to duty of care in Health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings Task B Case Study Case Study One You are a support worker for Mrs Ahmed who is 89, physically frail and lives alone. She has diabetes. Mrs Ahmed wants to eat foods that are not suitable for her medical condition, and asks you to shop for her as she is not able to get the shop herself. BiDescribe the difficulties for you in exercising your duty of care and upholding Mrs Ahmed’s right to choose.I would consult Mrs Ahmed’s care plan, and advise her about your concerns that she follow a healthy diet, stressing that she will feel much better if she does so. I would also advise her about alternative foods. BiiWhere would you go to get advice, information and support to deal with the dilemma? I would seek advice and support from my manager, and get information from Mrs Ahmed’s care plan. Case Study Two Leon Quashie lives in supported housing. He has learning disabilities. You are his support worker. Leon tells you that he has a new friend who comes to his home and plays on his games cons ole.A few days later you notice that the games console is missing. Leon tells you his new friend has borrowed it. BiiiDescribe the difficulties for you in exercising your duty of care to Leon and upholding his rights. As I am Leon’s support worker I would explain to him that I can call his friend and ask him to return the games console, if it does not get returned then I may have to inform the police. Also I would explain to Leon that I am there to protect him from being exploited or taken advantage of. I would explain to Leon he has a right to make mistakes and choose what he does with his possessions.Bivwhere could you go to get advice and support on how to ensure you uphold Leon’s rights but also follow your own duty of care? I would get advice from my manager, social worker and maybe the police. Task C Ciidentify a) Legal b) Organisational Requirements for dealing with complaints.a) The legal requirements are handled by CQC (care quality commission)b) Organisationa l requirements are Care home policies. (Manager) CiiComplaints may be received from service users, other practitioners, or the family of service users.Describe the important points to remember when responding to complaints. Listen to the complainant, give them your undivided attention, record the complaint accurately (check with the individual), tell them how and to whom the complaint will be reported to (show them your procedure), assure them that their complaint will receive attention and be resolved as soon as possible, report immediately and follow up, The complainant should be aware that their complaint has been taken seriously and a letter of acknowledgement should be sent out.

Battle of Aspern-Essling - Napoleonic Wars Battle of Aspern-Essling

Battle of Aspern-Essling - Napoleonic Wars Battle of Aspern-Essling Conflict Dates: The Battle of Aspern-Essling was fought May 21-22, 1809, and was part of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). Armies Commanders: French Napoleon Bonaparte27,000 increasing to 66,000 men Austria Archduke Charles95,800 men Battle of Aspern-Essling Overview: Occupying Vienna on May 10, 1809, Napoleon paused only briefly as he wished to destroy the Austrian army led by Archduke Charles. As the retreating Austrians had destroyed the bridges over the Danube, Napoleon moved downstream and began erecting a pontoon bridge across to the island of Lobau. Shifting his troops to Lobau on May 20, his engineers completed work on a bridge to the far side of the river that night. Immediately pushing units under Marshals Andrà © Massà ©na and Jean Lannes across the river, the French quickly occupied the villages of Aspern and Essling. Watching the Napoleons movements, Archduke Charles did not oppose the crossing. It was his goal to allow a sizable part of the French army to cross, then attack it before the rest could come to its aid. While Massà ©nas troops took positions in Aspern, Lannes moved a division into Essling. The two positions were connected by a line of French troops stretched across a plain known as the Marchfeld. As French strength increased, the bridge became increasingly unsafe due to rising flood waters. In an effort to cut off the French, the Austrians floated timbers which severed the bridge. His army assembled, Charles moved to attack on May 21. Focusing his efforts on the two villages, he sent General Johann von Hiller to attack Aspern while Prince Rosenberg assaulted Essling. Striking hard, Hiller captured Aspern but was soon thrown back by a determined counterattack by Massà ©nas men. Surging forward again, the Austrians were able to secure half of the village before a bitter stalemate ensued. At the other end of the line, Rosenbergs assault was delayed when his flank was attacked by French cuirassiers. Driving off the French horsemen, his troops encountered stiff resistance from Lannes men. In an effort to relieve pressure on his flanks, Napoleon sent forward his center, consisting solely cavalry, against the Austrian artillery. Repulsed in their first charge, they rallied and succeeded in driving off the enemy guns before being checked by Austrian cavalry. Exhausted, they retired to their original position. At nightfall, both armies camped in their lines while French engineers worked feverishly to repair the bridge. Completed after dark, Napoleon immediately began shifting the troops from Lobau. For Charles, the opportunity to win a decisive victory had passed. Shortly after dawn on May 22, Massà ©na launched a large-scale attack and cleared Aspern of the Austrians. While the French were attacking in the west, Rosenberg assaulted Essling in the east. Fighting desperately, Lannes, reinforced by General Louis St. Hilaires division, was able to hold and force Rosenberg out of the village. Seeking to retake Aspern, Charles sent Hiller and Count Heinrich von Bellegarde forward. Attacking Massà ©nas tired men, they were able to capture the village. With possession of the villages changing hands, Napoleon again sought a decision in the center. Attacking across the Marchfeld, he broke through the Austrian line at the junction of Rosenberg and Franz Xavier Prince zu Hohenzollern-Hechingens men. Recognizing that the battle was in the balance, Charles personally led forward the Austrian reserve with a flag in hand. Slamming into Lannes men on the left of the French advance, Charles halted Napoleons attack. With the assault failing, Napoleon learned that Aspern had been lost and that the bridge had again been cut. Realizing the danger of the situation, Napoleon began retreating into a defensive position. Taking heavy casualties, Essling was soon lost. Repairing the bridge, Napoleon withdrew his army back to Lobau ending the battle. Battle of Aspern-Essling - Aftermath: The fighting at Aspern-Essling cost the French around 23,000 casualties (7,000 killed, 16,000 wounded) while the Austrians suffered around 23,300 (6,200 killed/missing, 16,300 wounded, and 800 captured). Consolidating his position on Lobau, Napoleon awaited reinforcements. Having won his nations first major victory over the French in a decade, Charles failed to follow up on his success. Conversely, for Napoleon, Aspern-Essling marked his first major defeat in the field. Having allowed his army to recover, Napoleon again crossed the river in July and scored a decisive victory over Charles at Wagram. Selected Sources Historynet: Battle of Aspern-EsslingNapoleon Guide: Battle of Aspern-EsslingBattle of Aspern-Essling

Botox Essay Essay Example

Botox Essay Essay Example Botox Essay Essay Botox Essay Essay Bottom is used to get rid of wrinkles in aging adults. The main reason it was used was to help patients that had a stroke and their face muscles were drawn up. Bottom actually paralyzes the muscles instead of relaxing them. Men and woman are spending 600-1,000 bucks each time they go and have a treatment done which as to be done every couple of months. The ethical dilemma with this procedure Is people are using It to not show signs of aging when In real life people grow old and get wrinkles. They want to look young forever, and that is not the case in real life. Rich people are the only kind of people that can really afford it to be done because it cost so much to get the procedure done, but what if a person that cant afford it and really needs it done, but their insurance does not cover it? People believe that it is okay to have this procedure done to make them look younger, but others thinks its a waste of money everybody ages its a part of life that everybody will go through. People miss understand that in the beginning of the treatments it was meant for people with abnormal muscle tone and stroke patients but when the wealthy found out they used it to get rid of the wrinkles. My view is simply that I am against people who want to have Bottom not all people but the rich who believe that they need to get rid of wrinkles on their face. To me wrinkles are a part of life that Is the way god had Intended us to look when we aged. Problems associated with the issue would be Its costly, you have to have done way too often, and it was intended to help the sick people who actually really need. I believe when the rich found out they raised the price and became rich from it so when a person who really needs cant afford it they are Just left out. I would suggest that people who want it done to forget about because spending all that money that you could spend somewhere else is way more important getting rid of wrinkles for a couple months is just a waste when people who have problems really need to have it done. I would tell people not to have the procedure done because why you only have to please yourself and nobody else.

Equity and the Law of Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Equity and the Law of Trusts - Essay Example It seems apparent that the coming of age for equity and trust laws were indeed based upon medieval cultures and moral judgments of the day, as the Chancellor of medieval times was in fact based on religious right and not trained in legal matters. One of the major problems of the day was the fact that disputes were not settled within the courts but rather on a county by county diversity which usually involved whatever each of the districts followed as part of their own judicial accounting. By 1529, a properly trained lawyer took the appointment of Chancellor and thus a new era was cemented with respect to proper documents being recorded and kept which would ultimately lead to many important doctrines to be formed outlining equity laws. "In modern practice, perhaps the most important distinction between law and equity is the set of remedies each offers." (Wikipedia: Equity) Resulting from this modernization of a medieval practice, it would be fair to state that through the development of equity laws since the medieval times is defined only by what the rewards would normally reap for judgments. During earlier times, payment would have been comparative to the time and era. For instance, in modern times, it would lean more towards the monetary rewards and not so much in material value. Differences between Equity and Trust Laws To understand how the laws of equity were derived from trust laws of the English court system, it is important to define each. "Equity is the name given to the portion of the legal system, in countries following the English common law tradition that resolves disputes between persons by resorting to principles of conscience, fairness and justness. Equity comes into play typically when none of the parties to the dispute has done anything against the law, but their rights or claims are in conflict." (Wikipedia: Equity) Trust laws were derived from this definition of equity system of law governance and is described as In common law legal systems, a trust is a relationship in which a person or entity (the trustee) holds legal title to certain property (the trust property or trust corpus), but is bound by a fiduciary duty to exercise that legal control for the benefit of one or more individuals or organizations (the beneficiary), who hold "beneficial" or "equitable" title. The trust is governed by the terms of the (usually) written trust agreement and local law. The entity (one or more individuals, a partnership, or a corporation) that creates the trust is called variously the trustor, settlor, grantor, donor, or creator. This dual title (legal versus equitable) is frequently called "split title." The "title split" of trust law may be generalized colloquially as follows: legal title involves control, management, and possession, while equitable (beneficial) title involves "benefit," "enjoyment," and "use." (Wikipedia: Trust (Law) USA) There is an important distinction with respect to how equity law and trust law are governed and does date back to the early history of English law with respect to h

Organisational learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational learning - Essay Example If one takes a look at the human civilization, one cannot help noticing that there are many characteristic features that it possesses. While some might suggest that such feature as ability to generate verbal interaction is what really defines the mankind, it is obvious that there are some characteristics that reflect the nature of the humans on a deeper level. The newcomers will be able to learn new from manuals or experienced employees. Another approach to knowledge states that it can be perceived as commodity. This can hardly be seen as an exaggeration since nowadays company are willing to invest into knowledge and some organisations even sell their knowledge or offer their help in producing it. Therefore, the view of knowledge as commodity is fully applicable to an organization. One should also keep in mind that there are two major types of knowledge: explicit and tacit (Collins, 2010). The former is the kind of knowledge that has been codified, written down and passed in different medium. The latter is the knowledge that is passed from an individual to an individual. These two kinds of knowledge are found in organisations. For example, the explicit knowledge can be found in different manuals and employees can easily access. In addition to that, tacit knowledge is provides by experienced individuals who are thought to represent the soul of the company. The explicit knowledge of a company may be copied, but not the tacit knowledge.

Market Invironment Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Market Invironment Project - Essay Example The R+D ensures that restaurant always offer top quality products and varied, popular flavors to its customers. The restaurant uses the innovative concept of â€Å"speed scratch cuisine†, for noticing the public on the means of obtaining faster services from their store. Preparation of products and services in Montaditos is in the presence of diners, who provide ranging natural ingredients where numerous products can be selected to create their favorite Montaditos. The restaurant works with high-speed partners and top-flight suppliers, to provide and guarantee their customers a wide range of products including drinks, salads, among other culinary items. Restaurant Services and professional employees are capable of leading the restaurant to success in South Miami market. The restaurant operates at varied times in different days of the week and makes to be reliable for all categories of customers. Form Monday to Wednesday and Sunday, the restaurant opens from eleven in the morning to eleven at night. On Thursday, the restaurant operates until midnight. (100Montaditos, 2011) On Fridays and Saturdays, the restaurant extends its services to one in the morning from eleven in the morning. Ideally, 100 Montaditos is a good place for children since it is a place of moderate noise and provides its services in entirely in casual attires. The ambience of the restaurant is also casual. The restaurant offers its services to anyone, but does not have waiters or Wi-Fi system; also, it does not offer reservations or deliveries. Moreover, the restaurant is suitable for group meetings and it is a good place for dinner and lunch. Additionally, the restaurant has a garage as well as a wheelchair for persons with such special needs. 100 Montaditos offers drinks includin g soft drinks, wine and beer. The restaurant’s management accepts payments in cash and credit card terms. Finally, it has TV as a form of

Homeostatic Balances Essay Example for Free

Homeostatic Balances Essay

Mathematics :: Personal Narrative Math Essays

Mathematics At the recent annual meeting of the Psychology of Mathematics Education--North America Chapter, held in Florida, Bob and I were playing Frisbee on the beach. The lure of the surf soon led us into thigh deep water where waves added to the fun we were having with the wind. We were throwing parallel to the shore but the waves were coming in at an angle so that a breaking wave first hit Bob before hitting me a few seconds later. Verbal communication was difficult due to the noise of the surf, so thumbs-up or down, applause, head-nodding or shaking, along with smiles or frowns took its place. Soon a game had evolved and the use of the signs mentioned above became structured. Entering Paul's Umwelt The waves are high and strong making it challenging to catch the Frisbee unless it is thrown accurately. But the waves are also high enough to make it interesting to try to throw the Frisbee such that it just clears a wave as its crest passes the halfway point between Bob and me. Shake the water off, wait...wait...throw! Alright! A thumbs-up from Bob. He's right I got really close that time--but I bet I can cut it closer--just have to get a feel for the timing--aim a tad lower. OK, here comes his throw. Oops! Too high--Arrgghhh-splutter...YES--got it! Big complimentary smile from Bob. Actually it's fun when he misses high because then I get to jump for it just as a wave crashes into me. OK, my turn, wait...wait...remember-low...now! Perfection--that one skimmed the crest of the wave!! Entering Bob's Umwelt The waves are high and strong enough to make it challenging to catch the Frisbee unless it is thrown accurately. Uh-Oh...another low throw...Arrgghhh-splutter--yes! Hangs on for the touchdown. Big smile and thumbs up from Paul. Hmmpf! Does he really enjoy making it so hard for me to catch it? He always seems to time it so that a wave crashes on me just as the Frisbee arrives. OK, back to him...have to clear the waves...wait for the calm between the waves...now! Yes! Right on target and high enough for an easy catch--not too high like last time. Hmmm...no response from Paul--doesn't he appreciate my accuracy? Umwelts in Collusion While walking back to the hotel we discussed our "game". Bob: You sure had a knack for timing your throws! Paul: It was challenging to see how close to the water I could throw it and have it still get to you.

Compare newspaper articles: “Asylum meltdown” (the sun 20/01/03) with “The fight for tolerance” the (guardian 20/01/03)

As part of my GCSE Citizenship coursework I had to compare two newspaper articles [â€Å"Asylum meltdown† (the sun 20/01/03) with â€Å"The fight for tolerance† the (guardian 20/01/03)] and discuss to an extent their point of views, their language, effectiveness, typographic techniques, and persuasiveness on the issue and then give my point of view, explaining clearly my ideas with references to evidence. The sun gives an angry report of the increasing number of asylum seekers and the immense irreversible damage this is causing our economic system shaking its very foundations. The article is completely one sided i.e. anti asylum seekers, labelling them all under one group – illegal immigrants who are causing terror and most are Muslims (Algerians, Ethiopians†¦) To get its point across it uses exaggerated facts and charts which will only help it get its readers angry and outraged. It used couched in vocabulary, designed to inflame anti- asylum seekers feelings. It describes asylum seekers with words or phrases such as ‘illegal immigrants that swarm into Britain', ‘claiming benefits at the expense of tax payers', ‘taking advantage', ‘using Britain as doormat ‘, ‘asylum madness', etc. It uses bold letters to emphasise the failure of our government to control the problems , ‘fails', ‘generous handouts', ‘time for action'. The sun has titled its article ‘Asylum meltdown' reflecting that the situation needs to be cracked, asylum seekers need to be sorted and the government needs to be revived. They used a picture effective in its purpose to support a negative and imbalanced article. The picture shows asylum seekers masked and crossing barriers, a representation of the border of the country, showing us that instead of using the gate they are coming in illegally. Its banner â€Å"Read this and get angry† is bold and highlighted summarising the whole article. The article is about how, now it's time for action against asylum seekers, for they are going to lead our economy to a downfall. The whole affair is causing us great loses, it implies as new school, houses and hospitals would need to be build to suffice the added demand on these already stretched resources. The letter to the Prime minister is the pushing object of the article. The guardian's â€Å"fight for tolerance† takes a different prospective on the issue. It say's that ‘the panic over asylum seekers is only the first part of a war that will be waged against liberal values'. M. Bunting is saying that this problem over asylum seekers is not something that is new but has always been the case, that is, natural fear like at the time of the Nazis. The newspapers are making the situation worse (like the Sun) by exaggerating and interpreting the wrong ideas. One minute the Algerians were considered terrorist the next moment all the asylum seekers are classed as terrorist. Not just one but lots of newspapers are doing this which is causing unwarranted panic. It does not matter if an immigrant changes his name today, for he cannot escape the racial suspicions surrounding asylum seekers. Today there is a risk of interracial terrorism it does not matter which side of the political system a person stands. There are two sides to the problem, asylum seekers have the right to seek help and asylum but under the suspicion of terrorism. The fact that Islamic foreigners can be terrorist seems frightening. As the economy grew, many thought that things would improve but that does not seem to be the case. Liberal views have led to many problems for they have no qualms about allowing people of different race and nationality to immigrate but doctrine religious intolerance. The in secularity needs to be lost, what remains is to ask ‘is individual freedom is more important than national security'? The Guardian places a rational argument which lays out facts and historical data than is asking the reader to exercise his mind and be tolerant. The readers of the guardian are the middle class well educated people who would not accept the Sun's point of view since it is bias and directed towards the lower working class individuals who are â€Å"sheep that are lead†. The Guardians language is to stir intellectual abilities. They have a sophisticated vocabulary and a complex argument. The poster they use is quite reprehensive of a disaster or a chaotic situation. The poster is screaming out â€Å"What is the world coming to?† Both the sun and the guardian have a different target audience and are persuasive in their area. The sun is for the lower working class as already understood and thus it is stirring its readers just to believe what they read. The sun does not allow its readers to think for them selves and they will not think for themselves. The sun exaggerates and is unbiased. The guardian though is asking its readers to think and thus they both have a different point of view with different motives and aims. Therefore it is debateable as to which of them is more persuasive. I personally am a strong supporter of the guardian's article which argues that what we are doing is wrong. As a nation we need to consider our security and safety but we cannot class all asylum seekers as terrorists for they have rights over us and we need to understand their pain or suffering that have lead many genuine asylum seekers here, which we cannot understand sitting in a centrally heated house with all the basic luxuries and talking. Thus we need to â€Å"fight for tolerance†.

Louis Vuitton Case Study

[pic] LOUIS VUITTON INTRODUCTION: Louis Vuitton is a French fashion house founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton. The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury  trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses, and books. Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its products through standalone  boutiques, lease departments in high-end  department stores.MISSION STATEMENT: The mission of the LVMH group is to represent the most refined qualities of Western ‘Art de Vivre' around the world. VISION: Be creative and innovative, aim for product excellence, bolster  the  image  of  our  brands  with  passionate determination, act as entrepreneurs, and strive to be the best in all we do. GOAL: To produce much exclusive fashionable goods with good prestigious image that fits into the high class society, products should compulsorily have excellent quality and l ong life.HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Founded by Vuitton in 1854 and first store in Paris is opened, 1885 – first LV store is opened in London, Oxford street ,1892- Vuitton dies; the company starts selling handbags. TURNING POINT: During 1893 Georges (Louis’s son) begins his campaign to make the company into a worldwide corporation, Georges Vuitton passes away at 1936. Estimates attribute Georges Vuitton with over new 700 new Vuitton designs. BUSINESS STRATEGY: LV uses demographic targeting strategy to target their customers, both men and women.Since LV focuses only on high class people it uses premium pricing and luxury images for attracting them. It also uses â€Å"NEVER ON SALE† strategy to target their customers and its ad can be found only in high end fashion magazines like Vogue & Elle. It also uses Auction houses specializing in art and antiques to sell its goods. The original product line is Monogram and it expanded its product line to monogram denim, monogram multicore, monogram vernis and damier canvas. The Louis Vuitton brand and the famous LV monogram are among the world's most valuable brandsTARGET GROUP: Age: ranging from young adults to seniors (22 – 65 yrs old), focuses mainly on the high class society. AREAS OF BUSINESS: Louis Vuitton mainly targets wines and spirits, fashion and leather goods, fragrances and cosmetics, watches and jewelry. The other brands under Louis vuitton are Bulgari, Celine Guerlain Fendi Donna karan TAG Heuer Guerlain Bon Marche Sephora. Financial information: Sales at Lv rose 19 percent in 2010 and, for the first time, exceeded 20 billion euros Profits soared 73 percent, to 3 billion euros.Revenue from fashion and leather goods, like Louis Vuitton purses, was up 20 percent. Revenue as of 2011 is â‚ ¬2. 5  billion. It was up by 16% from 20. 3 billion euros in the same period in 2010. Organic revenue growth was 14% The Wines & Spirits business group recorded organic revenue growth of 10% in 201 1. Fashion & Leather Goods business recorded organic revenue growth of 16% in 2011, while Perfumes & Cosmetics recorded organic revenue growth of 9% in the same period. Watches & Jewelry group reported organic revenue growth of 23%.RECENT NEWS: For seven consecutive years (2006–2012) Louis Vuitton has been named the world's most valuable luxury brand. Its 2012 valuation is 25. 9 billion USD. According to a Millward Brown 2010 study, Louis Vuitton is the world's 29th most valuable brand, right after  Gillette  and before  Wells Fargo. The brand itself is estimated to be worth over USD $19  billion References: http://80. 251. 40. 59/politics. ankara. edu. tr/ozer/Dersler/Introduction_to_marketing/Case%20Studies/Louis_Vuitton_Moet_Hennessy. pdf http://louisvuitton4u. jigsy. com/entries/general/louis-vuitton-product-line http://www. lvmh. com/

Strategic Human Resources

Strategic Human Resources Free Online Research Papers The need of an hour is that human resources is all about maintaining a positive and productive work environment, best practices helps to make sure that employees feel good about the company they work for. There is a growing recognition today that the strategic importance of HR is crucial to corporate success. In yesteryears was merely an administrative and supporting function of the organisation. Today it is the lynchpin of competitive advantage. Top organisations today are talking about â€Å"people before strategy†, underscoring Peter Ducker’s long-held contention that â€Å"people are a resource, not a cost†. HR today has moved beyond merely an administrative to a strategic role. HR managers are increasingly making their case for a seat on the board as they strive for the HR function to be recognized for the value it adds to the bottom line. The internal customers ought to be given the priority and how to romance them like the way you romance your external customers. The paper entails new HR trends and practices adopted by the various organizations focusing on the factor of employee exhilaration. The study is an attempt in invigorating the need of â€Å"Employee Focus† and its impact on performance of the employee as well as the organization. The functions like Manpower Planning, Performance Management, Training and the role of Performance appraisals in the field of strategic HR are being laid emphasized on. Hence it is an endeavour in revealing the mounting significance of such facets of HR. EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: The expression Human Resource Management (HRM) is a relative recent title for all aspects of managing people in an organisation. It represents a broad based understanding of the problems of people and their management in view of the development of behavioural science knowledge. A formal beginning of HRM functions in India was made in 1929, when Royal Commission of Labour was set up by the Government of India. Two years later the Commission submitted its report recommending the appointment of Labour officers to look after the employment and dismissal of workers as well as their working conditions. The scope of the function of Labour officers was widened during the Second World War, when such facilities as housing medical and recreational activities were added to existing responsibilities. In the process the labour officer got designated as Welfare Officer (WO),. The enactment of Industrial dispute act 1946 and factories at, 1947 further added the management of leaves, wages, bonus and retirement in the scope of the function of W.O. Growth in the business, competition and increasing size during sixties and seventies led to the need of attracting and retaining talented people. Hence formulating policies on Human Resource Planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, performance and potential appraisal, internal ability and compensation management etc. also become a part of W.O. who now became the personnel manager. With the increasing recognition of the importance of human resources and their contribution to the survival of the organisations, personnel function has now been called as Human Resource Management Function. Some of this transitions have been the increasing the cost of labour, periodic stoppage of work, government legislation, changes in production and distribution methodologies, information technology and strategic use of employees contribution (Saiyadin 1992). Today the HRM function can be seen as the amalgam, of organisational behaviour, personnel management, industrial relations an d labour legislation. Increasing organisational size and its complexity, transitional from traditional to professional management, changing social and cultural norms globalization of industry and availability of information technology are constantly changing the profile of HRM functions HE has to play a more dynamic .Today HRM manager cannot survive in the security of past. He has to play a more dynamic role in not only performing the maintenance function, but should think of more creative ways to satisfy human aspirations to provide the competitive edge, to organisations on a sustainable basis. Human Resources Management by Mirza S Saiyadain The people in the organisation, the human resources, are perhaps the most important aspect of any enterprise. The age of informational technology has popularized the word human capital. Earlier we were talking human resources and equating people along with the raw materials, financial resources and physical resources as an input for the enterprise. Now-a-days each and every process has its own management methods and personnel for managing that process. The basic principle remains the same as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling to achieve the goal by using the human, financial and material resources. Increasingly the firms are considering the adoption of new work practices such as problem solving teams, enhanced communication with workers, employment security, flexibility in job assignments, training workers for multiple jobs, and greater reliance on motivational tools. Organisations are increasingly looking at human resources as a unique asset that can provide sustained competitive advantage. The changes in the business environment with increasing globalization, changing demographics of the workforce, increased focus on profitability through growth, technological changes, intellectual capital and never ending changes that organisations are undergone have led to increased importance of managing human resources.(Devanna, Fombrum and Tichy,1981;Wright, 1998).Youndt and Snell (1996) find that firms employing HR practices according to the stated strategy are regarded to have better perceptual performance. The human resource management that aims to improve the productive contribution of individuals while simultaneously attempting to attain other societal and individual employee objectives has undergone drastic change with the passing of years. We all know that HRM is concerned with the people keeping the fact in mind that HRM helps in acquiring, developing, stimulating retaining the outstanding employees as it gives both effectiveness efficiency to the working of the organization, it has been started being used strategically is now termed as Strategic human resource management. Human Resource plays a significant, strategic role in supporting organizations. As such effective strategic human resource management approaches serve as the keystone of any severe change management planning. They must also be the heart of endeavours to transform the culture of organisations, so that they develop into less hierarchal, practice oriented, intact formal groups, and inwardly focused and more flat, outcome oriented, integrated and externally focused. The aim of SHRM is to make sure that the culture, approach and structure of the organisation and the excellence, dedication and motivation of its employees add entirely to the attainment of business objectives. It is unification of SHRM strategies with organisation strategies. The corporate strategies and HR strategies are developed simultaneously. They are coherent and comprehensive. There is emphasis on developing HR skills and capitalising on the competencies. Today’s Strategic HRM aims to gain competitive advantage through managing human resources that are valuable, and costly to imitate. Today’s new Strategic HRM emphasise on the concept â€Å"empowerment† pervasive in organisations. The concept of empowerment is open to many different practices and the significance of this concept is utilized in many different functions of organisations policies like management and employee development programs, appraisal and reward policy changes, and employee recognitions, training forming teams and teamwork, attempts to create a new climate of employee relationships. In todays flattened, downsized high-performing organizations, highly trained committed employees not machines are often the firms competitive key. Perhaps the most drastic change in HRs role today is its growing involvement in developing implementing the companys strategy. Strategies increasingly depend on strengthening organizational competitiveness on building committed work teams, these put HR in a central role. In the fast changing, globally competitive quality oriented industrial environment, its often the firms employees – its human resources – who provide the competitive key. And so now it is a demand of the time to involve HR in the earlier stages of development implementing the firms strategic plan, rather than to let HR react to it. That means now the role of HR is not just to implement the things out but also to plan out in such a manner that the employees can be strategically used to get edge over the competitors, keeping in mind the fact that this is the only resource (HUMANS), which cannot be duplicated by the competitors. The Strategic Human Resource Management Process includes: ? Manpower planning and determining internal mobility. ? Sustaining and retaining employees and ensuring productivity by investing in various HR practices in competitive environment. ? Evaluate employee performance, correct deviations with precautionary measures with future development. ? Reviewing and revising strategic plan for sustaining organisation competence and performance. Strategic Manpower Planning Involves ? Constancy, to employ or replace key workforce executives with minimal loss. ? Flexibility, ability to handle troubles encountered within the enterprise. ? Straightforwardness, harmonizing the perfect line of relationship among the employees. ? Clarity, feature of having specific objectives for all the levels or units in the organisation. Managerial functions includes planning, it involves formulating policies for future development of the enterprise, program to choose adequate number of persons who can work efficiently and accomplish the business objectives, provide training to the workers in the enterprise, integration and maintenance of work force. Organizing, it has to provide a clear layout about the inter-relationship between persons, jobs and physical factor and every worker should have proper understanding of their job. Direction involves motivation, which can be either positive or negative for the enterprise. It is necessary to motivate the workers about the nature of their job. Instructions should be clear, neatly explained and easy to understand. An efficient Manpower planning is established by significantly emphasizing on Internal Mobility to promote the existing employee and exploit their experience in bring high outputs for the organisation. A reduced employee turnover has a remarkable positive impact on the organisation. It brings satisfaction to the employees, maintain competitiveness and protect financial investments. As reported in the study, Internal Mobility by Taleo Research, 92 percent of companies turn to the existing employee base to fill an open job position. The majority of survey respondents (more than 70 large and global corporations) report internally filling 40 percent or more of open positions annually. According to the Taleo Research Internal Mobility Report a closed stress is needed on the factors like ? Improving Employee satisfaction ? Retention of employees ? Lower Costs and Faster Fills ? Transformed outlook from Goals to Process Design One of the most visible shifts in the workplace in recent years has been the rapid vanishing of the prototypical devoted employee who would work 30 to 40 years for the same company and then retire with a gold watch and pension. Many personnel these days hold positions at several companies during their career and may feel no particular loyalty to remain at a single firm for a great tenure. Best Practice Approach to HRM in supporting competitive advantage by sustaining and retaining employees are: By Pfeffer and Veiga (1999) Employment Security Selective Hiring Self Managed Teams and Decentralization Comparatively high compensation contingent on organisational performance Extensive Training Reduction of Status Difference Reduced turnover and retention of employees have prominent potential benefits like cost reduction, increase in skilled and experienced staff, employee commitment and satisfaction, and above all productivity, which in turn extensively demands the process of: ? Analyzing who are your most occupied and productive employees. ? Segmenting a strategy for enrichment versus skills improvement. ? Utilizing the accurate actions that envisage outcomes of engagement. ? Maturing strengths based focus on development and performance management. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: The Performance Management and Information section presents guidance and support on a range of management issues and coordinates performance management activities including the over all improvement and development of employees. Performance management is a process on performance measurement approaches, such as the balanced scorecard. While the balanced scorecard offers a framework for the collection of strategic information, performance management ensures that results are used to influence the selection of planned actions and to foster the renewal of dynamic, competitive strategy. Unlike most tools and techniques, performance management is an unremitting, enterprise-wide process, rather than a one-time, isolated event. Six Performance Management imperatives are Compliance Management, Profitability Management, Cost Management, Performance Improvement, and Business Innovation Performance management is a set of functions that evaluate and report the behavior of employees and the effectiveness of the job and a set of various sub functions, such as gathering information, maintaining and examining logs, determining task performance under normal and pressurized conditions, how, each employees working towards their own goals and purpose aligning with organisational perspective. The level of performance increases if certain kind of benefits are offered to the employees, which generates a feeling among the employees that â€Å"I am Cared†. Some of them are: Defined Benefit Plans and Pensions, Retirement Planning, Health Care Systems, Insurance Plans, Profit Sharing Plans, Social Security, College Loans, Vision Plans, Employee Medical Health Insurance, Major Medical Health Insurance, Dental Plans, Flexible Spending Accounts, Employee Assistance Program, Accidental, Disability Insurance, and Cafeteria Plans. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL The human resource function that probably has the greatest effect on development is Performance appraisal. A well implemented and executed performance appraisal system drives development. When employees collect apparent feedback on their performance, when rewards and recognitions are attached to performance, when expectations are stated clear in behavioral terms, or goal related terms, the employees constant inclination is on â€Å" performing-better†. The performance appraisal system can be planned to sustain the approach by providing objective measures of skill accomplishment. It can also be used to classify and increase the skills of employees with potential. Every employee must be assessed at least once a year. There are six types of performance appraisals that are used with employees depending on various circumstances: annual, conditional, extended, interim, probationary, and special. The performance appraisal forms include: Rating form: includes the listing of dimensions for the position, the ratings, supervisor recommendations, employee comments, and a place for appropriate signatures. Narrative form: is to be completed and submitted along with the rating form. Each rating must be supported by appropriate comments. Goals may be listed on the form for each dimension if appropriate. Dimensions and Standards/Criteria form: is used for listing the selected dimensions, the specific criteria, and standards for performance. By HENRICO COUNTY RULES AND REGULATIONS, Section 13 A properly designed should relate company and/ or group goals to the individual’s tasks and goals for the review period. The performance is broadly categorized into quality, quantity, timeliness and cost effectiveness, focused on outputs and organisational development. THE TYPES OF APPRAISALS Self Appraisal: A method in which employee evaluates his own performance and discusses with his manager. It provides the employee with the opportunity to reflect on his own performance and reasons behind it. 3600 Feedback: 360 degree feedback is a method and a tool that provides each employee the opportunity to receive performance feedback from his or her supervisor and four to eight peers, reporting staff members, coworkers and customers. Most 360 degree feedback tools are also responded to by each individual in a self assessment. Results-Focused Approaches Creamer and Janosik (in press) note that there are both advantages and disadvantages to results-based performance appraisal approaches. On the positive side, they produce short and long-term results in the context of original performance and organizational objectives, are generally perceived as fair, tend to generate high levels of commitment to the organization, and they encourage a high level of participation and are thus defensible. On the negative side, they can be overly results oriented especially in educational organizations, and they may be inflexible. Management by Objectives, and Accountabilities and Measures (Grote, 1996). MBO emphasizes participation by all organization members. Grote identifies the following core elements in MBO: ? Formation of trusting and open communication throughout the organization ? Mutual problem solving and negotiations in the establishment of objectives ? Creation of win-win relationships ? Organizational rewards and punishments based on job-related performance and achievement ? Minimal uses of political games, forces, and fear ? Development of a positive, proactive, and challenging organizational climate Supervisors need to ensure that appraisal processes are congruent with objectives and goals. An MBO rating form needs to provide space to list staff member objectives in order of importance, as well as space for the evaluator to describe staff member performance using a mutually agreed upon scale. Categories of performance can include: distinguished performance, competent performance, provisional performance, and inadequate performance. Accountabilities and Measures approaches involve the supervisor and staff member agreeing on accountability and performance factors and including them in the job description. Performance is then forecast for each factor to enable quantifiable measures for each factor. An Accountabilities and Measures form can be created, with performance factor categories. BEHAVIOUR BASED APPROACHES: Behavioural Observation Scale: Involves a process of identifying the key tasks for a job. It evaluates according to how frequently the employees exhibit the required behaviour for excellent performance. Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale: In this approach, broad categories of practice are identified, ideally through collaborations between supervisors and staff. Specific job behaviors are then linked to the categories. Measures of staff member behavior are rated on a scale in relation to specific behavior items, such as understands department functions. Performance appraisal process is incomplete without the feedback given to the employee about his appraisal and his performance. Effective feedback describes the behavior rather than evaluates. The employee performance appraisal form is reviewed with the self-appraisal that the individual created assessing her own performance. The manager and employee talk honestly about how well she performed over the past twelve months: Strengths, weaknesses, successes and areas needing improvement. The performance management process, ends and begins anew with the performance review meeting. At the beginning of the meeting, the individuals past years performance is reviewed and the success of the development plan is evaluated. At the end of the meeting, the appraiser and the individual set a date to create the plan for next years goals, objectives, and development. TRAINING: A Strategic HRM Function After a successful Performance appraisal A Training Need assessment is required, this is the systematic method of determining if a training need exists and if it does, what training is required to fill the gap between the standard and the actual performance of the employee. Training needs analysis is Systematic method of determining performance discrepancies, and causes of performance discrepancies Reasons to conduct training needs analysis ? Identify the deficiencies ? Determine whether employees lack KSAs (Key Skill Areas) ? Benchmark for evaluation of training ? Makes sure training is provided to the right people ? Increases the motivation of training Organisations are increasingly spending more money annually on training with the belief that it will give them competitive edge in the local and global market. Training as an organisational intervention may be defined as a well thought of set of activities aimed to facilitate learning of knowledge, attitude and skills, among its people in the organisation to improve their current job performance and contribute to the achievement of organisational goals. Some Training Methodologies are Training Methodologies Anonymous card Panel Discussion Demonstration Skill Practice Dyadic Discussion or Exchange Problem-Solving Activity Game Questionnaire Group Enquiry Role Play Contracting Physical Continuum Creative Activity Presentation Checklist Synergy Activity Closing Circle Lecture Brainstorming Observation Case Study Project Fishbowl Trio Discussion or Exchange Full Group Discussion Writing Activity Experimental Activity Self Assessment and Self Evaluation Feedback Activity Small Group Discussion Story Whip Inter-group Discussion/ Exchange Peer Consultation Interviewing Peer Teaching Index Card Match Simulation Information Search Read and Discuss Group Guided Teaching Read and Teach Group Ice Breaker Mental Imagery Reference Source, Silberman, M and Whiteling,V. (1992). Twenty Acting, Training Programs.San Diego California, U.S.A: Pfieffer Company Apart from training methodologies, the functions like Training Need Analysis, Training Design, Training Implementation, and Training Evaluation are the key determinants in measuring the effectiveness of training, aiming to maximize productivity, and betterment of relationships in workplace, which not only increases organisational commitment but also improves individual job performances. Advantages of a Strategic Approach to HR: ? Smooth the progress of development of expert workforce through focus on type of people and skills required. ? Facilitates cost-effective management of employment, particularly in service industries where labor is generally greatest cost. ? Facilitates planning and assessment of environmental uncertainty, and adaptation of organization to external forces. ? Successful SHRM efforts begin with recognition of strategic requirements. ? Employee participation is serious to linking strategy and HR practices. ? Strategic HR facilitates methodical and logical and analytical approach. ? Corporate HR departments can have impact on organizations efforts to launch strategic initiatives. Conclusion: Ideally HR top management work together to devise the companys on the whole business strategy and policies; that strategy then provides the framework within which HR activities such as Training Appraising must be expertised. Once practiced honestly, it results out in the employee competencies performance that in turn help the company implement its strategies recognize its goals. While HR strategies must be developed to support the achievement of the organisations objectives, it is a two-way process. HR strategies can themselves be critical inputs in determining the strategic initiatives for the organisation. In order to be successful the employees should be developed in such a manner that they can be the competitive advantage, for this the human resource management must be an equal partner in both the formulation the implementation of the corporate competitive strategies. REFERENCE: ? Human Resources Management by Mirza S Saiyadain ? International Human Resource Management: Policies and Practices, by Dennis R. ? Briscoe, Randall S. Schuler 2004 Business Economics ? gao.gov/new.items/d02373sp.pdf ? www.123eng.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=37025 32k ? Strategic Human Resource Management by Randall. S Schuler and Susan E. Jackson ? workinfo.com/free/Downloads/176.html, dlsu.edu.ph/research/centers/cberd/pdf/business/vol7/vol7_no4.pdf, ? Training: A strategic. HRM function. By Divina M. Edralin ? Strategic Human Resource Management by Charles J. Fombrun, Noel M. Tichy, Mary Anne Devanna – 1984 ? www.taleo.com/research/articles/talent/clarifying-the-purpose-internal- mobility-program. ? E-mail News Nurturing, Sustaining and Retaining Engaged Employees ? Strategic Human Resource Management by Olive Lundy, Alan Cowling 1996 ? co.henrico.va.us/hr/regs/rr13.pdf ? referenceforbusiness.com/small/Di-Eq/Employee-Performance-Appraisals.html ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal http://filebox.vt.edu/users/dgc2/staffinghandbook/perfappraisal.htm ? 12manage.com Research Papers on Strategic Human ResourcesThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export Quotas